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• W3044144735 abstract "<h3>Importance</h3> Neurocognitive functions develop rapidly in early childhood and depend on the intrinsic cooperation between cerebral structures and the circulatory system. The retinal microvasculature can be regarded as a mirror image of the cerebrovascular circulation. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the association between retinal vessel characteristics and neurological functioning in children aged 4 to 5 years. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this cohort study, mother-child pairs were recruited at birth from February 10, 2010, to June 24, 2014, and renewed consent at their follow-up visit from December 10, 2014, to July 13, 2018. Participants were followed up longitudinally within the prospective Environmental Influence on Aging in Early Life birth cohort. A total of 251 children underwent assessment for this study. Data were analyzed from July 17 to October 30, 2019. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Retinal vascular diameters, the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), vessel tortuosity, and fractal dimensions were determined. Attention and psychomotor speed, visuospatial working memory, and short-term visual recognition memory were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, including the following tasks: Motor Screening (MOT), Big/Little Circle (BLC), Spatial Span (SSP), and Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS). <h3>Results</h3> Among the 251 children included in the assessment (135 girls [53.8%]; mean [SD] age, 4.5 [0.4] years), for every 1-SD widening in CRVE, the children performed relatively 2.74% (95% CI, −0.12 to 5.49;<i>P</i> = .06) slower on the MOT test, had 1.76% (95% CI, −3.53% to −0.04%;<i>P</i> = .04) fewer correct DMS assessments in total, and made 2.94% (95% CI, 0.39 to 5.29;<i>P</i> = .02) more errors given a previous correct answer in the DMS task on multiple linear regression modeling. For every 1-SD widening in CRAE, the total percentage of errors and errors given previous correct answers in the DMS task increased 1.44% (95% CI, −3.25% to 0.29%;<i>P</i> = .09) and 2.30% (95% CI, −0.14% to 4.61%;<i>P</i> = .07), respectively. A 1-SD higher vessel tortuosity showed a 4.32% relative increase in latency in DMS task performance (95% CI, −0.48% to 9.12%;<i>P</i> = .07). Retinal vessel characteristics were not associated with BLC and SSP test outcomes. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> These findings suggest that children’s microvascular phenotypes are associated with short-term memory and that changes in the retinal microvasculature may reflect neurological development during early childhood." @default.
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• W3044144735 date "2020-07-24" @default.
• W3044144735 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3044144735 title "Association of Retinal Microvascular Characteristics With Short-term Memory Performance in Children Aged 4 to 5 Years" @default.
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• W3044144735 doi "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.11537" @default.
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