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- W3045346043 abstract "Abstract Modafinil, methyphenidate (MPH) and d -amphetamine ( d -amph) are putative cognitive enhancers. However, efficacy of cognitive enhancement has yet to be fully established. We examined cognitive performance in healthy non-sleep-deprived adults following modafinil, MPH, or d -amph vs placebo in 3 meta-analyses, using subgroup analysis by cognitive domain; executive functions (updating, switching, inhibitory control, access to semantic/long term memory), spatial working memory, recall, selective attention, and sustained attention. We adhered to PRISMA. We identified k = 47 studies for analysis; k = 14 studies (64 effect sizes) for modafinil, k = 24 studies (47 effect sizes) for Methylphenidate, and k = 10 (27 effect sizes) for d -amph. There was an overall effect of modafinil (SMD=0.12, p=.01). Modafinil improved memory updating (SMD=0.28, p=.03). There was an overall effect of MPH (SMD=0.21, p=.0004) driven by improvements in recall (SMD=0.43, p=.0002), sustained attention (SMD=0.42, p=.0004), and inhibitory control (SMD=0.27, p=.03). There were no effects for d -amph. MPH and modafinil show enhancing effects in specific sub-domains of cognition. However, data with these stimulants is far from positive if we consider that effects are small, in experiments that do not accurately reflect their actual use in the wider population. There is a user perception that these drugs are effective cognitive enhancers, but this is not supported by the evidence so far." @default.
- W3045346043 created "2020-07-29" @default.
- W3045346043 creator A5005961565 @default.
- W3045346043 creator A5009539274 @default.
- W3045346043 creator A5009848659 @default.
- W3045346043 creator A5053042113 @default.
- W3045346043 creator A5055775612 @default.
- W3045346043 date "2020-09-01" @default.
- W3045346043 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W3045346043 title "How effective are pharmaceuticals for cognitive enhancement in healthy adults? A series of meta-analyses of cognitive performance during acute administration of modafinil, methylphenidate and D-amphetamine" @default.
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- W3045346043 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.07.002" @default.
- W3045346043 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32709551" @default.
- W3045346043 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
- W3045346043 type Work @default.