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• W304677244 abstract "Matthew Arnold's memorable attack on political radicalism is central to his larger argument in Culture and Anarchy and has received much attention from critics. However, it is not well known that Charles Bradlaugh, one of radical demagogues on whom Arnold unleashes some of his harshest replied in National Reformer, a secular and republican weekly he edited. This article examines how his response, To Matthew Arnold: Gentleman, attempts to turn tables on Arnold by critically examining his twin ideals: defined as free play, and understood as sweetness and light. Anticipating critics like Raymond Williams, Bradlaugh interrogates Arnold's conception of implying that it should be seen as part of an ideological state apparatus backed by bayonets and grape shots of a militaristic state. ********** Matthew Arnold's Culture and Anarchy singles out Charles Bradlaugh, the iconoclast, as embodiment of excess of working class in its present state of development (133). His portrait of radical leader conjures a vivid and apocalyptic image of anarchy that he, and by extension, uncultured populace threaten to unleash: [Mr. Bradlaugh] seems to be almost for baptizing us in blood and fire into his new social dispensation, and to whose reflections ... I cannot forbear commending this maxim of good old man: Intemperance in talk makes a dreadful havoc in heart. Mr. Bradlaugh ... is evidently capable, if he had his head given him, of running us all into great dangers and confusion (133). This memorable description of a hot-headed firebrand and demagogue was typical of Victorian middle-class characterizations of Bradlaugh, and is today only description of him most twentieth century readers will ever encounter. By 1868 Bradlaugh had established his reputation as a freethinker and radical republican. A leading member of National Secularist Society and Reform League, he was also editor of National Reformer, a secularist and republican weekly that was prosecuted for blasphemy and sedition in 1868. He is probably best remembered for his collaboration with Annie Besant. When Bradlaugh and Besant republished Charles Knowlton's birth-control pamphlet, Fruits of Philosophy, or Private Companion of Young Married People, they were prosecuted for obscenity. It is not generally known that Bradlaugh responded to Arnold in 12 January 1868 issue of National Reformer. In his incisive editorial open letter, To Matthew Arnold, Gentleman, he contests Arnold's representation of him, Hyde Riots, and working classes. Furthermore, he challenges Arnold's definition of culture in terms of sweetness and light, seeing it instead as an ideological weapon of upper classes in a society ultimately held together by a military state apparatus. Bradlaugh begins letter by expressing mock surprise that editor of highly respectable Cornhill Magazine, who has so benefitted by [Arnold's] lessons on culture, has not even deigned to notice Bradlaugh's request for the opportunity of a brief reply (25). He wryly addresses Arnold, the great exponent of 'culture,' which ought to involve play in criticism and ironically affirms that Arnold has surely taken pains to hear me speak or to read my actual writings before [he] penned [his] essay (25). In his description of as fair play in criticism, Bradlaugh seems to be playing off of and against Arnold's conviction that involves freeplay of thought (187), an idea he develops both in Culture and Anarchy and in The Function of Criticism at Present Time. In just one telling use of phrase free play, Arnold criticizes Mr. Beales' insistence on the right of meeting in Hyde Park as an example of subordination of thinking to doing and an instance in which what is needed is a freer play of consciousness upon object of pursuit (Arnold 186). …" @default.
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• W304677244 date "2007-03-22" @default.
• W304677244 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W304677244 title "Grape Shot Culture: Charles Bradlaugh's Reply to Matthew Arnold" @default.
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