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• W3046826545 abstract "(86) Gymnostachys R. Br. (1810) [Angiosp.: Ar.] Gymnostachyum Nees (1832) [Angiosp.: Acanth.] Brown (Prodr.: 337. 1810) described the genus Gymnostachys with a single species, G. anceps R. Br. (l.c.). Later, Domin (in Biblioth. Bot. 20(85): 502. 1915) described a second species, G. gigantea Domin. Smith (in Rees, Cycl. 17: [190]. 1811) changed the spelling of the name to “Gymnostachya”, which must be treated as an orthographical variant of Gymnostachys. Gymnostachys is recognized as a monotypic genus distributed in Queensland and New South Wales of Australia, G. gigantea being treated as a synonym of G. anceps (Mayo & al. in Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 4: 44. 1998; Hay in Fl. Australia 39: 241. 2011). Nees (in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 76, 106. 1832) described Gymnostachyum with a single species, G. leptostachyum Nees (l.c.: 106), from India. Gymnostachyum is a genus distributed in tropical Asia, comprising approximately 50 species. When he published the name Gymnostachyum, Nees simultaneously described another related genus, Cryptophragmium Nees (l.c.: 76, 100), with four species: C. canescens Nees, C. cordifolium Nees, C. serrulatum Nees, C. venustum (Wall.) Nees. It was considered to be different from the former mainly by the presence of a bilamellate septum basally in each theca; however, the size of such a septum may very well depend on the development stage of the anther (Hansen in Nordic J. Bot. 5: 354. 1995), and the two generic names have long been considered synonyms. Although Anderson (in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 502–506. 1867) included three of Nees's species of Cryptophragmium in Gymnostachyum, he did not formally treat the generic name Crytophragmium as a synonym of Gymnostachyum. Thus, as Cryptophragmium was, and still is, untypified, Anderson did not establish the priority between Gymnostachyum and Cryptophragmium (Art. 11.5 and Note 3 of the ICN; Turland & al. in Regnum. Veg. 159. 2018). Bentham (Gen. Pl. 2: 1099. 1876) was the first to explicitly adopt the name Gymnostachyum and reduce Cryptophragmium to synonymy, and therefore established the priority between these two simultaneously published names. Kuntze (Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 483. 1891) considered Gymnostachyum to be a later homonym of Gymnostachys and thus adopted the name Cryptophragmium as the correct name for the combined genus. He transferred almost all species previously published under the name Gymnostachyum to Cryptopghragmium. Later, Cryptophragmium was adopted as the correct name for the genus by some authors (Lindau in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. IV(3b): 324. 1895; Benoist in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 600–605. 1934, in Lecomte & Humbert, Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 700–703. 1935; Anonymous in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 4: 378. 1954; Ho, Ill. Fl. Vietnam 3: 61–62. 2000; Newman & al., Checkl. Vasc. Pl. Lao: 38. 2007; Jin & al., Checklist Pl. Lao: 32. 2016). Others, e.g., Santapau (in Bot. Mem. Univ. Bombay 2: 53–54. 1951), disagreed with Kuntze's opinion on the basis of the long-standing rule (originating as Art. 57 of the Vienna Rules; Briquet, Règles Int. Nomencl. Bot. 1906) that names “must be treated as different, even though differing by one letter only”. Since then Gymnostachyum has been widely used in regional floras and checklists (Bremekamp in Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 45(3): 21. 1948; Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, Fl. Java 2: 574. 1965; Cramer, Revis. Fl. Handb. Ceylon 12: 132. 1998; Kress & al. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 45: 128. 2003; Karthikeyan & al., Flower. Pl. India 1: 17. 2009; Hu & al. in Wu & al., Fl. China 19: 472. 2011). The rule that even a single letter makes a name different persists in the current ICN in that a homonym is defined (Art. 53.1) as a name “spelled exactly like a name based on a different type”, but since the Sydney Code (Voss & al. in Regnum Veg. 111. 1983), there has been a formal provision to treat names as homonyms if they are sufficiently alike to be confused. Gymnostachys and Gymnostachyum are different from each other by the endings, “-s” and “-um”, respectively. This case is very similar to that of Desmostachys and Desmostachyum ruled in Art. 53 *Ex. 12, a voted example, as not likely to be confused. However, there is no rule in the ICN establishing that similar cases must be treated identically. Existing binding decisions (in Appendix VII of the Shenzhen Code [Wiersema & al. at https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/codes-proposals/ 2018+, accessed 9 Apr 2020], Binding Decisions on Confusability of Names) include Psychotria multinervia Ridl. and P. multinervis De Wild. (Rubiaceae), and P. brachybotrya Müll. Arg. and P. brachybotrys Ridl., both treated as homonyms as are Taraxacum sphaeroides Dahlst. and T. sphaeroideum Rail. (Asteraceae), ending by “-s” and “-um”. However, there are different factors involved at different ranks and the cases may be incomparable. We are requesting a binding decision under Art. 53.4 of the ICN as to whether the names Gymnostachys R. Br. and Gymnostachyum Nees are sufficiently alike to be confused and thus should be treated as homonyms. If there is a decision to treat them as homonyms, the name Cryptophragmium Nees could be adopted for Gymnostachyum but more than 20 new combinations would be necessary. ZLL, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-8115 YFD, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-3286 We are grateful to Dr. John McNeill for editing this request with considerable modifications. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants no. 31470302), and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310390)." @default.
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• W3046826545 title "(86) Request for a binding decision on whether the names Gymnostachys R. Br. ( Araceae ) and Gymnostachyum Nees ( Acanthaceae ) are sufficiently alike to be confused" @default.
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