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- W3047024296 endingPage "e1008685" @default.
- W3047024296 startingPage "e1008685" @default.
- W3047024296 abstract "Smallpox and monkeypox pose severe threats to human health. Other orthopoxviruses are comparably virulent in their natural hosts, including ectromelia, the cause of mousepox. Disease severity is linked to an array of immunomodulatory proteins including the B22 family, which has homologs in all pathogenic orthopoxviruses but not attenuated vaccine strains. We demonstrate that the ectromelia B22 member, C15, is necessary and sufficient for selective inhibition of CD4+ but not CD8+ T cell activation by immunogenic peptide and superantigen. Inhibition is achieved not by down-regulation of surface MHC- II or co-stimulatory protein surface expression but rather by interference with antigen presentation. The appreciable outcome is interference with CD4+ T cell synapse formation as determined by imaging studies and lipid raft disruption. Consequently, CD4+ T cell activating stimulus shifts to uninfected antigen-presenting cells that have received antigen from infected cells. This work provides insight into the immunomodulatory strategies of orthopoxviruses by elucidating a mechanism for specific targeting of CD4+ T cell activation, reflecting the importance of this cell type in control of the virus." @default.
- W3047024296 created "2020-08-10" @default.
- W3047024296 creator A5019648395 @default.
- W3047024296 creator A5037976626 @default.
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- W3047024296 creator A5074659999 @default.
- W3047024296 creator A5083622842 @default.
- W3047024296 creator A5089719457 @default.
- W3047024296 date "2020-08-03" @default.
- W3047024296 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W3047024296 title "Ectromelia-encoded virulence factor C15 specifically inhibits antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells post peptide loading" @default.
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