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- W3048086533 abstract "The choice of instrument for environmental protection has typically focused on which instrument will create the lowest costs of compliance. This has led to a preference among policymakers for cap-and-trade quotas and effluent tax programmes rather than more traditional policy instruments, such as technical standards or non-tradeable emissions quotas, often categorised as command-and-control instruments. However, there are additional costs besides compliance to environmental protection before, during, and after instrument choice. Any instrument involves the costs of monitoring, enforcement, and administration – costs that are every bit as important as that of compliance. Economic instruments also require functioning markets and reliable contract enforcement as well as careful policy design, making them ill-suited to pollution control in much of the developing world. The goal of any regime of environmental protection should be to choose the instrument with the lowest total social cost. In some instances that will mean command-and-control." @default.
- W3048086533 created "2020-08-13" @default.
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- W3048086533 date "2020-06-26" @default.
- W3048086533 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3048086533 title "Chapter VIII.2: Beyond compliance costs: comparing the total costs of alternative regulatory instruments" @default.
- W3048086533 doi "https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785365683.viii.2" @default.
- W3048086533 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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