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• W304833934 abstract "From methodological perspective we address a substantive question of political science research. What are similarities and differences in issue structures in contemporary democracies? Issue structures are recognized on the basis of the content of national electoral programmes (manifestos) in the period from 1992 to 2003. In analyses, we use multivariate clustering methods first to obtain groups of countries as aggregates of manifestos and then to obtain groups of manifestos. Eventually countries are categorised drawing on the importance of four different types of manifestos in a country. The results are, whenever possible, graphically presented as line graphs, dendrograms and a galaxy. We find out that only in some countries manifestos clearly belong to one dominant type, and therefore only these countries make sense as aggregates of manifestos in comparative studies. Unfortunately for studies taking countries merely as aggregates of manifestos, the heterogeneous countries are in majority.Key words: political party program, elections, issue positions, issue domains, MARPOR, comparative studies, country profiles, Euclidean distances, Galaxy, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, k-means clustering.1 POLITICAL PARTY MANIFESTOS AND ISSUE STRUCTURES IN SOCIETIESPolitical party manifestos (electoral programmes, party programmes or electoral manifestos; we use all these terms as synonyms) play a significant role in electoral democracies, directly in electoral campaigns and in broader sense as a constitutive part of a political system. They recognize the importance of critical issues, develop a party position on them, set the course of actions a party will take if elected, unite a party internally and, last but not least, advise party activists and supporters as well as inform the general electorate. In party manifestos, political and policy ideas, positions and goals are recorded, publicised and documented for analysis. Therefore comparisons among national party manifestos expose similarities and differences among countries in issue structures and even in cleavages that form the core of political science comparative studies.5In Europe, parliament party manifestos have been systematically collected since 1979.Their content has been coded, and the data are available for analysis (project MARPOR, previously MRP and CMP). Each parliamentary party programme is characterised according to its match with a standardised set of carefully selected, precisely defined and theoretically relevant issue positions. Subsequently, position codes are merged in seven mutually exclusive and theoretically exhaustive domains that are defined in Table 1. Obviously, for each document, contextual data are also available on political party, party family, country and election year.Domains shares are the most characteristic and most valuable feature of the dataset since when considered jointly, domains exhaustively cover existing national (country specific) policy and political issues and simultaneously offer universal comparison in time and space (e.g. among policy arenas, among countries). They have been created for this purpose and their validity has been repeatedly evaluated and confirmed in various comparative studies.2 THE AIM AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESEARCHDrawing on the MARPOR dataset, comparisons can be carried out between national political parties competing for votes in a certain election year or even throughout longer periods with more election cycles involved. More ambitiously, countries (national policy arenas) can be compared on the basis of domain shares recognized from national political parties' manifestos. In national electoral arenas, political parties compete with each other, and thus they unavoidably react to each other. Therefore, their manifestos ideally reflect their own goals as well as their responses to initiatives of other major parties. Only when manifestos are combined in a national collection of issue positions they have the potential to comprehensively describe a country's specifics in a domain structure. …" @default.
• W304833934 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W304833934 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W304833934 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W304833934 title "Comparison of Electoral Manifestos' Issue Structures in Contemporary Democracies - the Methodological Perspective" @default.
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