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• W304877697 abstract "ABSTRACT The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Carland Entrepreneurship Index were administered to a group of 147 management students from a regional university. The results indicated that those students who were of the NT persuasion were different from the other three groups in their strength on the Entrepreneurship Index. That finding supports the linkage between innovation and the NT (intuitive-thinking) typology which is indicative of entrepreneurial personalities; however, it can bode ill for the long-term success of entrepreneurs without the intervention of education and the understanding of the weaknesses which also result from this high profile for entrepreneurship. INTRODUCTION Are entrepreneurs born? Or made? Is nature or nurture the prime factor? In a recent article about cognition, Carland and Carland (1992) hypothesized that entrepreneurs might be driven to start their own firms by the way in which their minds function: a way which leads to inherent dissatisfaction with traditional business life. Can that be true? For some time researchers have looked to education as the means to spur entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurship and small business classes are gaining popularity in many large and regional institutions today, often with high enrollments. After all, is not starting one's own business the American Dream? Entrepreneurial education and student potential for entrepreneurial activities have been examined by such authors as Birley, Gross, & Saunders (1986); Hills & Welsch (1986); Miller (1987); Sexton & Bowman (1983, 1984,1986); Barbato & Durlabhji (1989); Solomon & Fernald (1990); and Robinson, Huefner & Hunt (1991). Various instrumentation and hypotheses have been tested and the results have been disparate. Many authors have created their own instruments (e.g., Sexton & Bowman, 1983, 1984,1986; Robinson, Huefner, & Hunt, 1991; Carland, Carland & Hoy, 1992) and others have used existing instruments to test their theories (e.g., Hoy & Boulton, 1983; Solomon & Fernald, 1990; Barbato & Durlabhji, 1989). And yet because of the various methodologies, different instruments and disparate samples used, there appears to be no universal portrait of an entrepreneur, much less a portrait of potential entrepreneurs. At this year's Babson Entrepreneurship Conference in Fontainebleau (1992), an instrument was presented and validated which measures the propensity for entrepreneurship (Carland, Carland & Hoy, 1992). The authors aver that the instrument can be administered to present or prospective entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a group of prospective entrepreneurs by investigating whether there are actual differences in their cognitive styles which can explain entrepreneurial tendency by using that instrument. ENTREPRENEURSHIP It has long been established that owners of small businesses are not homogeneous; yet, terms for various sets of owners are still used interchangeably. Many definitions have been posited in the literature, but none seems comfortable enough to most entrepreneurship researchers to become generally accepted. Some seem to follow the more generic approach of identifying anyone who starts a business (Gartner, 1988) or more than one business (Robinson et al., 1991) as an entrepreneur. Others tend to follow the more differentiating approach posited by Carland, Hoy, Boulton and Carland (1984) which suggests that small business owners are more family oriented in their focus and entrepreneurs are more growth and profit oriented in their perceptions. Still others posit a series of different groups of business owners, each of whom displays unique characteristics (Vesper, 1990). Nevertheless, there has been no clear cut distinction or definition universally accepted in the literature. Process vs. behavior arguments are still raging concerning what initiates the starting of a business and determines an entrepreneur; the final verdict is not yet decided. …" @default.
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• W304877697 title "Portraits of Potential Entrepreneurs: An Empirical Investigation" @default.
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