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- W3048883380 endingPage "21" @default.
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- W3048883380 abstract "Carotenoids and their metabolites play crucial roles in human health such as in immunity, cell differentiation, embryonic development, maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, and gastrointestinal functions, in addition to counteracting night blindness and other eye-related diseases. However, carotenoid bioavailability is highly variable and often low. The bioavailability of β-carotene, among the most frequently consumed carotenoid from the diet, is determined by food matrix related factors such as carotenoid dose, its location in food the matrix, the physical state in food, the presence of other food compounds in the matrix such as dietary fiber, dietary lipids, other micronutrients present such as minerals, and food processing, influencing also the size of food particles, and the presence of absorption inhibitors (fat replacers and anti-obesity drugs) or enhancers (nano-/micro-formulations). However, also host-related factors such as physiochemical interactions by gastrointestinal secretions (enzyme and salts) and other host-related factors such as surgery, age, disease, obesity, and genetic variations have shown to play a role. This review contributes to the knowledge regarding factors affecting the bioavailability of β-carotene (food and host-relegated), as well as highlights in vitro models employed to evaluate β-carotene bioavailability aspects." @default.
- W3048883380 created "2020-08-18" @default.
- W3048883380 creator A5004368684 @default.
- W3048883380 creator A5009221380 @default.
- W3048883380 creator A5010645037 @default.
- W3048883380 creator A5016198606 @default.
- W3048883380 creator A5017153047 @default.
- W3048883380 creator A5081220483 @default.
- W3048883380 date "2020-08-12" @default.
- W3048883380 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
- W3048883380 title "Factors affecting the fate of β-carotene in the human gastrointestinal tract: A narrative review" @default.
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