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• W304969996 abstract "Abstract:This paper analyzes a change of attitude among the Visegrad Group towards energy security as a result of the 2009 gas crisis. On the one hand, the crisis fully unveiled the challenges these countries face in regard to energy security; on the other hand, it provided an important impulse for cooperation among them. This contribution studies the development of this cooperation in the periods before and after the crisis, when the first concrete steps toward increasing energy security were undertaken by the V4 countries (most importantly, the planned North-South energy corridor). It also examines the role of the EU, which supports infrastructural projects in central Europe. The paper argues that the crisis has had a positive influence on the increase of cooperation in energy security, which was previously, despite its challenging nature, largely neglected by the governments of V4 countries. The crisis thus served as a catalyst for cooperation, and paradoxically has had a positive influence on the increase of energy security in the region.The 2009 gas crisis, which - for the very first time in the almost 40year history of Russian export of energy resources to Europe - caused a full cut-off of natural gas supplies, is generally viewed as a breaking point in the perception of Russia as a reliable energy supplier. The crisis shook the Russian image of a reliable partner, and since then European countries have been much more keen to look for an alternative to the Russian supply. We can, however, see the crisis from a much more positive perspective as well, since it has also caused an increased interest in energy security among many European (not only EU] countries, an issue basically neglected for many decades in spite of its key importance in the region.This paper analyzes the development of cooperation among the Visegrad Group [V4 - Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary] before and after the gas crisis. It views the crisis as a critical juncture that caused a change in the energy security policies of V4 countries - a change from longterm proclamations to middle and short-term actions. This change can be best seen in the increased cooperation in energy supplies diversification, which has transformed into activity in the development of the so called North -South energy corridor. Although vulnerability in energy supplies (especially natural gas] had been well known for a long time prior to 2009, only after the gas crisis did the V4 countries start to be actively engaged in proposing concrete steps to increase their energy security. The main argument of the paper is that the 2009 gas crisis stimulated mutual cooperation between V4 countries in the area of energy security, and thus served as a remedy for their energy security problems.The paper utilizes data from semistructured interviews with domesticdecision makers and experts, as well as diplomats from permanent representations in Brussels. It also utilizes statements, press releases and official documents issued by national governments, energy regulatory bodies and EU institutions. Among the many energy resources, the main focus is on natural gas, since this was the main protagonist of the 2009 crisis, and also because most efforts in the area of energy security are focused on it. The largest share of the natural gas supplies of V4 countries is imported from Russia, and for all four countries these supplies are crucial, although the countries differ in their level of dependencyThe paper is organized as follows. After this introduction, the second section deals with cooperation within the V4 group prior to the 2009 gas crisis. It shows that this cooperation was very limited (or ever non-existent], despite a similar but smaller gas crisis that occurred in 2006.The V4 countries did not take energy security challenges with the gravity they warranted during this period. The third section recounts the events of the January 2009 gas crisis, and demonstrates that the V4 countries not only did not expect it, but also lacked the tools to deal with it. …" @default.
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• W304969996 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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• W304969996 title "Crisis as Remedy? the 2009 Gas Crisis and Its Influence on the Increase of Energy Security within Visegrad Group Countries" @default.
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