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• W30693904 abstract "Every year, high school students hunch over microscopes and peer at a plethora of tiny creatures. Swimming single-celled protists and whirling multicellular rotifers often steal the show, preventing students from noticing the static algae. However, these frequently overlooked, ordinary algae are inspiring research all over the world as scientists contemplate the idea of using algae as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. By shifting the focus of their timeless microscope activities, teachers can introduce students to this idea. This article provides an overview of several algae activities that teachers can incorporate into their microscope activities to engage high school students in authentic inquiry--whether in a general or advanced biology, environmental-science, pre-engineering or biotechnology elective or in a summer enrichment course. Teachers can use individual lessons or a combination to encourage a wide variety of interdisciplinary connections--building bridges between biology, chemistry, environmental science, engineering, geography, physics, social studies, and language arts. A complete description of each activity is available on-line (see On the web). Why algae? Most people tend to think of algae as the green, hairlike fibers that muck up ponds, but the microscopic varieties may have the most potential as an extraordinary energy source. Microscopic algae, or microalgae, are rich in oil molecules called triglycerides. Just like oils from soybeans and peanuts, a transesterification reaction can chemically convert algal oils into biodiesel (Chisti 2007). There are many benefits to microalgae as a fuel source. For example, algae avidly consume carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, which helps mitigate greenhouse gas effects. Algae can also grow in areas unsuitable for standard agriculture, so they don't compete or interfere with food production. Whereas soybeans yield about 446 liters of biofuel per hectare annually, microalgae could yield more than 58,000 liters (Chisti 2007). A real-world mystery Despite the potential of algae-derived fuel, many questions remain. For example, how can scientists and engineers grow huge quantities of algae and minimize water usage, energy consumption, and cost? How can they extract algae's oils without using harmful organic solvents? From feedstock to tailpipe, scientists and engineers are working together to turn algae into a viable fuel in the following ways: * Ecologists and environmental engineers are searching for ways to grow algae without compromising land and water resources. * Chemists and chemical engineers are searching for benign methods to extract oil from algae and convert it to fuel. * Mechanical engineers are optimizing how engines perform with alternative fuels. * Environmental engineers are testing emissions to see how renewable fuels compare to fossil fuels. * Chemists and chemical engineers are identifying ways to turn by-products from algae processing and conversion (e.g., glycerol from biodiesel production) into paints, plastics, fibers, and other consumer products. Because practical solutions to these challenges are still un-certain, this area of study is ripe for inquiry--allowing high school students to work on some of the same key problems as practicing engineers and biologists. Along the way, students engage in the practices of engineering design, allowing them to better engage in and aspire to solve the major societal and environmental challenges they will face in the decades ahead (NGSS Lead States 2013, p. 1). Algal Awareness activity Teachers can use the microscope to introduce students to algae and its potential as a biofuel feedstock. In the Algal Awareness activity (see On the web), students examine pond water samples and learn about a variety of algal species, such as the spikey green rods of Ankistrodesmus and the spherical clusters of Pediastrum (Figure 1). …" @default.
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• W30693904 date "2014-02-01" @default.
• W30693904 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W30693904 title "Pond Power: How to Use Algae to Evoke Inquiry and Establish Interdisciplinary Connections" @default.
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