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- W3070104865 abstract "Introduction Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and septic encephalitis (SE) are associated with increased mortality, long-term cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. Areas covered The PUBMED database was searched 2016-2020. The clinical manifestation of SAE is delirium, SE additionally is characterized by focal neurological symptoms. SAE is caused by inflammation with endothelial/microglial activation, increase of permeability of the blood-brain-barrier, hypoxia, imbalance of neurotransmitters, glial activation, axonal, and neuronal loss. Septic-embolic (SEE) and septic-metastatic encephalitis (SME) are characterized by focal ischemia (SEE) and small abscesses (SME). The continuum between SAE, SME, and SEE is documented by imaging techniques and autopsies. The backbone of treatment is rapid optimum antibiotic therapy. Experimental approaches focus on modulation of inflammation, stabilization of the blood-brain barrier, and restoration of membrane/mitochondrial function. Expert opinion The most promising diagnostic approaches are new imaging techniques. The most important measure to fight delirium remains establishment of daily structure and adequate sensory stimuli. Dexmedetomidine and melatonin appear to reduce the frequency of delirium, their efficacy in SAE and SE remains to be established. Drugs already licensed for other indications or available as food supplements which may be effective in SAE are statins, L-DOPA/benserazide, β-hydroxybutyrate, palmitoylethanolamide, and tetracyclines or other bactericidal non-lytic antibiotics." @default.
- W3070104865 created "2020-08-24" @default.
- W3070104865 creator A5006000088 @default.
- W3070104865 creator A5007684315 @default.
- W3070104865 creator A5020139224 @default.
- W3070104865 creator A5021202090 @default.
- W3070104865 creator A5051117448 @default.
- W3070104865 creator A5052812069 @default.
- W3070104865 date "2020-09-14" @default.
- W3070104865 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W3070104865 title "Sepsis-associated encephalopathy and septic encephalitis: an update" @default.
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