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• W30791395 abstract "In his Colonial Encounters: Europe and the Native Caribbean 1492-1797, Peter Hulme details the geographic, meteorological, discursive strategies, and racial history that forged a sixteenth-century colonial Caribbean identity that been slow to disappear. For him, the Caribbean emphasizes those features, environmental and ideological, that lay beyond national (4). Although we should not rely exclusively on obsolete colonial concepts to study the Caribbean, such realities are inescapable. Nonetheless, although keeping in mind the shared geographic location and the legacies of plantation society, the peoples and scholars of the Caribbean are now better poised to look beyond colonialism at the pressing regional issues that affect them all, specifically at the environmental concerns that do cut across ideologies. Despite political, linguistic, racial, and religious differences that separate Caribbean societies, the air, the water, and the biota are shared, limited resources that merit attention. Texts about the Caribbean have always alluded to its luscious nature. What changed is the role it plays in these texts. In his 1973 essay Isla Incognita, Derek Walcott proposes that we foresee own history, instead of accepting the imposed views of others, especially those with scientific authority: the moment of naming by that botanist is the beginning of that specimen's official history; we have accepted history as a succession of such moments (57). He concludes that our only true apprehensions are through metaphors, that the old botanical names, the old processes cannot work for us. Let's walk (57). To him, a Caribbean mapped out of absolutes proposed by others represents an obviously obsolete geography. As concept of the Caribbean as a fluid space continues to evolve, Edouard Glissant proposes a poetics of relation. He considers that the Caribbean has always been a place of encounter and connivance and, at the same time, a passageway toward the American continent ... the Caribbean is ... a sea that explodes the scattered lands into an arc. A sea that diffracts (33). Its colonial history will not disappear, but we can seize it and reexamine it through metaphors, such as the one of the arc that impacts the rest of the continent. Literature, like the sea that explodes and scatters, is an ideal place for the search for metaphors that will help us understand the area. Within literary productions, a fruitful approach may be that of studying the fauna and flora beyond the strictures of scientific discourse, but rather through a review of the tropes that cut across the various languages, historical periods, and multiple voices that have sought to define the area and its subtle and not so subtle changes. No one today can envision the region without horses, cows, pigs, goats, sugarcane, coffee, oranges, lemons, mangoes, and so many other animals and fruits. In that primordial sense, the pre-Encounter Caribbean disappeared. Whatever Columbus and his crew saw at first indeed become obsolete. The indigenous people have been decimated. Yet, the resilience and resonance of so many other native species amaze us: parrots, frogs, tobacco, cacao beans, and cassava. What better way to tame the unruly beasts and tend the overgrown gardens within the space of Caribbean geography than to look at the menagerie and some of the plants that appear throughout the Caribbean's literary history? What should we include in such a zoological and botanical ensemble? The first images that come to mind are the colorful, touristy, tropical ones: colored fish and beautifully feathered parrots flying across the luscious landscape of coconut trees swaying in the breeze. Given historical consciousness and Hulme's defining criteria, we must include the beasts of burden (horses, oxen, donkeys, and, given their non-human status, slaves), all of which were brought during the era of conquest and colonization so that plantations (sugarcane, coffee, and the native tobacco) could be established, flourish, and produce. …" @default.
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• W30791395 date "2011-09-22" @default.
• W30791395 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W30791395 title "Caribbean Biota: Taming the Beasts and Tending the Gardens" @default.
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