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- W3080212124 endingPage "H865" @default.
- W3080212124 startingPage "H847" @default.
- W3080212124 abstract "Methyltransferases are a superfamily of enzymes that transfer methyl groups to proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules. Traditionally, these enzymes have been shown to carry out a specific modification (mono-, di-, or trimethylation) on a single, or limited number of, amino acid(s). The largest subgroup of this family, protein methyltransferases, target arginine and lysine side chains of histone molecules to regulate gene expression. Although there is a large number of functional studies that have been performed on individual methyltransferases describing their methylation targets and effects on biological processes, no analyses exist describing the spatial distribution across tissues or their differential expression in the diseased heart. For this review, we performed tissue profiling in protein databases of 199 confirmed or putative methyltransferases to demonstrate the unique tissue-specific expression of these individual proteins. In addition, we examined transcript data sets from human heart failure patients and murine models of heart disease to identify 40 methyltransferases in humans and 15 in mice, which are differentially regulated in the heart, although many have never been functionally interrogated. Lastly, we focused our analysis on the largest subgroup, that of protein methyltransferases, and present a newly emerging phenomenon in which 16 of these enzymes have been shown to play dual roles in regulating transcription by maintaining the ability to both activate and repress transcription through methyltransferase-dependent or -independent mechanisms. Overall, this review highlights a novel paradigm shift in our understanding of the function of histone methyltransferases and correlates their expression in heart disease." @default.
- W3080212124 created "2020-09-01" @default.
- W3080212124 creator A5010655614 @default.
- W3080212124 creator A5030746371 @default.
- W3080212124 creator A5035689536 @default.
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- W3080212124 creator A5058959657 @default.
- W3080212124 creator A5062288425 @default.
- W3080212124 creator A5087584132 @default.
- W3080212124 date "2020-10-01" @default.
- W3080212124 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W3080212124 title "Transcriptional regulation by methyltransferases and their role in the heart: highlighting novel emerging functionality" @default.
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