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• W3083603610 abstract "Extracting American Power on Global Terrains Darren Dochuk (bio) Megan Black, The Global Interior: Mineral Frontiers and American Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. 360 pp. Figures, maps, notes, and index. $39.95. In 1943, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes recommended that President Franklin D. Roosevelt create the Petroleum Reserve Corporation (PRC). The PRC would oversee new foreign oil production with focus on the Middle East, all in partnership with corporate powerhouses like Aramco and Gulf Oil. Facing pushback from the British, who feared rising American dominance in the region, Roosevelt and Ickes conceived the Anglo-American Petroleum Agreement, which proposed the establishment of an International Petroleum Commission (IPC). Through this agency, with Ickes assuming a managerial role, British and American governments would work with both countries' largest petroleum companies to manage oil supplies in the region. The agreement immediately came under attack from smaller, independent oil companies complaining about a government-sanctioned international cartel, and once public opposition mounted, Roosevelt shelved the scheme. Even as a failed experiment, the Anglo-American proposal raises a vexing question: why was the U.S. Secretary of the Interior so heavily invested in foreign affairs in the first place? This query lies at the heart of Megan Black's highly original and illuminating book, The Global Interior. Using another Secretary of the Interior, Stewart Udall, and his late-1960s tour of the Middle East as her entrée, she ponders a central point: What could he—or the Interior Department, for that matter—have to do with the politics of the world? (p. 1) Known as the arm of the federal government charged with managing public parks, natural resources, and Indigenous affairs, the Interior Department has usually been portrayed as an inward-looking engine of domestic policy (p. 2). Yet, as Black shows, this narrow purview belies the degree to which it has always been an outward-looking institution with expansionist aims on an international scale. When Ickes and Udall involved themselves in Middle Eastern oil politics, they were performing a duty that had always been central to their job description: to oversee an ever-widening quest for [End Page 439] minerals, be they in the American West or Global South, on land, under the sea, or in outer space. Theirs was the perpetual quest to plumb uncharted fields of hidden wealth (p. 2). Black's capacious treatment of the Interior Department as a universal operator allows her to deliver a bold and multifaceted argument pertaining to the nature of American imperialism. Here her book's title takes on multiple meanings. First on her mind is this: why is it that the United States managed to extend its global power and project its political authority over other sovereign entities in service of economic gain and ideologies rooted in race, gender, and nation without registering among everyday Americans as an empire (pp. 3–4)? How did American imperialism manage to operate in the shadows? Black offers an answer that serves as the fundamental claim of her book. The Interior Department, she argues, was a key mechanism for ensuring and obscuring the projection of American power in the world, from U.S. settler colonialism to its global hegemony during and after the Cold War (p. 4). As the United States drew distinctions between domestic and foreign, exploitation and benevolence, and nature and politics, she adds, the Interior Department oversaw important operations of power betwixt and between that allowed the nation to pursue its global dreams that were oriented with incredible consistency to extractive ends (p. 4). Operating as a counterpoint to the military arm of government, and state-sanctioned military violence, trading swords for ploughshares, hard power for soft power, and a doctrine of imperial conquest for economic development, Interior was able to pursue its extractive frontiers with a lighter, disarming touch. The Interior Department's strategy for projecting and concealing American power unfolded in phases. During its first dispensation in the nineteenth century, the department was charged with imposing U.S. federal authority in the mid-continent interior and undertaking the day-to-day labor of expropriating and preparing lands for white settlement and capitalist development. It couched this endeavor..." @default.
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• W3083603610 title "Extracting American Power on Global Terrains" @default.
• W3083603610 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/rah.2020.0059" @default.
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