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• W308524671 abstract "The occurrence of three polar organic chemicals in the Swedish aquatic environment and in waste water treatment plants have been investigated by means of a screening investigation.The studied chemicals are:􀁸 triphenylphosphineoxide (TPPO),􀁸 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol (TMDD),􀁸 tris(2-choroethyl)phosphate (TCEP).Octylphenol, nonylphenol and their corresponding ethoxylates were used as reference substances. This investigation is part of the national environmental monitoring programme, run by the Swedish EPA, but also includes the participation of twelve county administrative boards. The investigation includes a number of subprogrammes that addresses certain key questions:􀂉 Whether these chemicals are present in lakes and watersheds􀂉 To what degree these chemicals are present in domestic incoming and outgoing waste waters􀂉 If releases from municipal waste water treatment plants influence the occurrence in their recipients􀂉 If diffuse emissions occur in urban areas􀂉 If the chemicals are released from certain point sources: industries and landfillsIn total 118 samples were analysed. The sampling medias were, listed in decreasing number of samples: sewage sludge, outgoing waste water, surface water, sediment, incoming waste water, stormwater, landfill leachate and industrial waste waters. This report aims at giving a general description of the results and provides a discussion in relation to the questions shown above.TMDD and TCEP were commonly occurring in both incoming and outgoing municipal waste waters, whereas TPPO was detected less frequently. TMDD was the most abundant of these chemicals in the waste waters, and was also detected in a few of the sewage sludge samples; neither TCEP nor TPPO were detected in sludge. The rare occurrence in sludge is expected when considering the high water solubility and low K ow values of these chemicals. TCEP appears to pass the waste water treatment plant essentially unaffected whereas TMDD probably is degraded to a certain extent. These empirical observations are in agreement with model calculations performed.Outgoing waste waters contained considerably higher concentrations of TMDD and TCEP than of nonylphenol. The concentrations of TCEP in waste waters were lower than in a former Swedish study, in agreement with the decreased use of this chemical.In order to assess whether outgoing municipal waste waters influence their recipients with regard to these chemicals, surface waters and sediments from eight recipients were analysed. TMDD and TCEP were detected in surface waters from two of these recipients. Concentrations found in surface waters appear to be lower than what has previously been published from German rivers. This may be explained by a higher degree of waste water dilution in Swedish recipients, a consequence of the considerably lower population density in Sweden.High concentrations of TMDD were also detected in landfill leachates; in one case also in the corresponding recipient. TMDD was also present at high levels in an industrial waste water. Both TMDD and TCEP were detected in one out of five urban stormwaters, and in one out of four urban surface waters. This suggests that urban stormwaters may be a source of TMDD and TCEP to urban recipients, but that waste water treatment plants probably are a more generally important source.The concentrations found of TMDD and TCEP in surface waters are well below the corresponding PNEC values, suggesting that they pose no immediate threat to the aquatic ecosystem.Nevertheless, these and similar chemicals are cause for concern because they are persistent, highly soluble in water and only to a small degree reduced in conventional waste water treatment plants. Additionally, TCEP is classified as carcinogenic.TMDD is suggested as the chemical of most concern in this study. This is motivated by the relatively high concentrations measured, the general occurrence and the fairly persistent properties. The abundance of TMDD in waste water treatment plants and the environment is in good agreement with the exposure index presented by the Swedish Chemicals Agency." @default.
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• W308524671 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W308524671 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W308524671 title "Screening of TPPO, TMDD and TCEP, three polarpollutants" @default.
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