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• W3085427877 abstract "We describe the macroscopic behavior of superfluid $^{3}mathrm{He}$ in the polar and the distorted $A$ and $B$ phases in an anisotropic aerogel. It turns out that the distorted $A$ phase shares many features with superfluid $^{3}mathrm{He}ensuremath{-}A$. Its order parameter contains the polar phase as well as the $A$ phase as a smooth limiting case. The former is in agreement with the fact that the phase transition polar to distorted $A$ is observed to be of second order. Due to the different structure of the order parameter, the unit vector $stackrel{ifmmode hat{}else ^{}fi{}}{l}$, which is characteristic of the superfluid $^{3}mathrm{He}ensuremath{-}A$ and the distorted $A$ phase, is not present in the polar phase. As new macroscopic variables compared to superfluid $^{3}mathrm{He}$ we have for the superfluid distorted $A$ phase in an aerogel the strain field associated with the aerogel network. In addition, we have in superfluid $^{3}mathrm{He}$ relative rotations between the anisotropic gel network and the $stackrel{ifmmode hat{}else ^{}fi{}}{l}$ vector as a macroscopic variable. As a result of these additional macroscopic variables we find new static and dynamic cross-coupling terms, which come as reversible (zero entropy production) as well as as irreversible contributions. The polar phase in an anisotropic aerogel is anisotropic in its elastic properties. We have as additional macroscopic variables relative rotations similar to those of a nematic liquid crystalline elastomer, since the preferred direction in the polar phase is even under time reversal and not odd as for the distorted $A$ phase. These additional features lead to static and dissipative cross-coupling terms, which cannot exist for a polar phase in an isotropic aerogel. For the distorted $B$ phase we find for the orbital part a macroscopic dynamic behavior which shares some features with that of the polar phase. In contrast to the polar phase, however, the distorted $B$ phase does not show relative rotations, since there is only one preferred direction. The preferred direction in the distorted $B$ phase leads to a preferred direction in spin space as well. As a consequence the spin waves become anisotropic and longitudinal and transverse spin waves become coupled, even in the absence of a magnetic field. We also discuss briefly the coupling to the spin degrees of freedom in the polar and the distorted $A$ phase." @default.
• W3085427877 created "2020-09-21" @default.
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• W3085427877 date "2020-09-11" @default.
• W3085427877 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3085427877 title "Macroscopic behavior of the distorted <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:math> phases and the polar phase of superfluid <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi>He</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts /><mml:none /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> in an anisotropic aerogel" @default.
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• W3085427877 doi "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.102.094510" @default.
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