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- W3085465152 abstract "Humans, birds, and fish can produce high levels of anti-galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) antibodies in response to α-Gal antigenic stimulation from gut microbiota bacteria. α-Gal immunization elicits anti-α-Gal IgM and IgG antibodies that protect ggta1-knockout mice against Trypanosoma spp., Leishmania spp., and Plasmodium spp. infection. Antibodies against α-Gal -in particular, IgM and IgG- protect humans against malaria. The α-Gal antigen represents an attractive and feasible target for developing glycan-based vaccines against multiple diseases. The immunity induced by α-Gal influences pathogen infection and its multiplication by activation of different protective mechanisms. The protective effect of the α-Gal-based glycovaccine may depend on several factors, including the structural configuration of the epitope, protein scaffold, immunization and infection routes, and the amount of the α-Gal on the parasite surface. Humans and crown catarrhines evolved with the inability to synthesize the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal). In turn, they naturally produce high quantities of the glycan-specific antibodies that can be protective against infectious agents exhibiting the same carbohydrate modification on their surface coat. The protective immunity induced by α-Gal is ensured through an antibody-mediated adaptive and cell-mediated innate immune response. Therefore, the α-Gal antigen represents an attractive and feasible target for developing glycan-based vaccines against multiple diseases. In this review article we provide an insight into our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the protective immunity to α-Gal and discuss the possibilities and challenges in developing a single-antigen pan-vaccine for prevention and control of parasitic diseases of medical and veterinary concern. Humans and crown catarrhines evolved with the inability to synthesize the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal). In turn, they naturally produce high quantities of the glycan-specific antibodies that can be protective against infectious agents exhibiting the same carbohydrate modification on their surface coat. The protective immunity induced by α-Gal is ensured through an antibody-mediated adaptive and cell-mediated innate immune response. Therefore, the α-Gal antigen represents an attractive and feasible target for developing glycan-based vaccines against multiple diseases. In this review article we provide an insight into our current understanding of the mechanisms involved in the protective immunity to α-Gal and discuss the possibilities and challenges in developing a single-antigen pan-vaccine for prevention and control of parasitic diseases of medical and veterinary concern. a large group of various types of cell (i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, B lymphocytes) that induce the cellular immune response by processing and exposing an antigen to T cells. a severe tropical disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans and animals mostly by triatomine bugs. It is also referred to as American trypanosomiasis. an integral part of the innate immune system that supports antibodies and phagocytes to clear foreign particles, microbes, and damaged body cells from an organism. The system also promotes inflammation and opsonization. a large group of small signaling proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins that are secreted by cells of the immune system. They are involved in the interactions and communications between cells, and the stimulation of the cell movement towards infection sites. Cytokines include interferons (IFs), interleukins (ILs), chemokines, and tumor necrosis factors (TNFs). a specific part of a carbohydrate antigen that is recognized by the immune system, in particular by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. a vector-borne disease of medical and veterinary concern caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected phlebotomine sandflies. Over 20 Leishmania species infect humans worldwide and the disease can display in cutaneous, visceral, or mucocutaneous forms. a protein complex, found in almost all animal cell types, which controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production, and cell survival. NF-κB is involved in rapid cellular responses to various stimuli and plays a key role in triggering the protective immune response to infections. a process by which a microbial agent or a cell is marked for ingestion and destruction by phagocytes. a subpopulation of T cells which have a role in modulating other cells of the immune system. Tregs control the immune response to self-antigens and prevent autoimmune diseases. In general, they suppress or downregulate the induction and proliferation of effector T cells. a unique immune status which prevents effective pathogen infection in the host and is different from the immunity that allows infection but with subsequent successful eradication of the pathogen. a class of proteins that play a crucial role in the innate immune system. They are usually expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various infectious agents." @default.
- W3085465152 created "2020-09-21" @default.
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- W3085465152 creator A5030913954 @default.
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- W3085465152 date "2020-12-01" @default.
- W3085465152 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W3085465152 title "α-Gal-Based Vaccines: Advances, Opportunities, and Perspectives" @default.
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- W3085465152 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2020.08.001" @default.
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