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• W308752009 abstract "Vaccines based on plasmid DNA have been tested for a number of fish pathogens but so far it is only in case of the rhabdoviruses, where the technology has been a real break through in vaccine research. Aspects of dose, time-course and mechanisms of protection, as well as practical use are discussed. Plasmid DNA encoding pathogen genes may be considered as a third generation of recombinant vaccines. The principle combines the advantages of vaccines based on recombinant protein and vaccines based on viral vectors. By administration of noninfectious plasmid DNA carrying the gene encoding a protective antigen under the control of a strong eukaryotic promoter, it has been possible to induce protective immunity to a number of pathogens in animal model systems (Babiuk et al., 2000). In fish, DNA vaccines encoding the glycoproteins (G proteins) of the salmonid rhabdoviruses VHSV (viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus) and IHNV (infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus) (Fig. 1) have proved very efficient under experimental conditions but limited success has been obtained with DNA vaccines against other fish pathogens. A detailed overview is given in a recent review (Kurath, in press) and technical aspects have been covered earlier (Heppell and Davis, 2000; Jones 2001). For VHSV and IHNV, nano-gram amounts of plasmid DNA encoding the viral G protein (Fig.1) can induce long-lasting protective immunity when delivered by intramuscular injection in rainbow trout fingerlings (Lorenzen et al. 2000a, Corbeil et al. 2000). Time-course studies have further shown that although maximal protection was evident in a period from 4 to 12 weeks after vaccination, there was a significant protective effect already 8 days post vaccination (dpv) (Table 1). This was unexpected because several weeks are Table 1. Time-course study: protective effect of a DNA vaccine against VHS in rainbow trout at different time-points post vaccination. a The fish were vaccinated with 1 μg DNA at day 0 and subgroups were bath-challenged with VHSV at different days post vaccination (dpv). b Relative percent survival: (1(% mortality of fish given pVHS-G / % mortality of fish given plasmid vector)) x 100 (Based on Lorenzen et al. 2000a). t n i o p e m i T r o f e g n e l l a h c a f o t h g i e W t a h s i f e g n e l l a h c S P R b" @default.
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• W308752009 date "2004-01-01" @default.
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• W308752009 title "Use of plasmid DNA for induction of protective immunity." @default.
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