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- W3088972593 abstract "This communication discusses the two parameters recently emerged as key performance indicators of wind energy facilities, the mean capacity factor over a year, and the standard deviation of the capacity factor from a high-frequency sampling of 1 min or less (the annual mean does not change if the sampling interval of the statistical population is every month or every minute; the standard deviation does). Both parameters impact the levelised cost of electricity. They permit to quantify the energy production by the specific facility. They also permit to attribute grid energy storage costs to the specific facility. This manuscript shows that the annual mean capacity factors of wind energy facilities are not improving in the U.S. with the year of completion. The average of the annual mean capacity factors of every facility operational in a given year is about 33% now in 2019 as it was in 2012. Additional to the flat trend in the average of the annual mean capacity factor, their variability is large at the individual facility level. With 5 min sampling frequency, the standard deviation of the capacity factor of an individual wind energy facility is about that same magnitude of the mean. This translates into a coefficient of variability—the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean—approaching unity. At the grid level, the variability of all the wind energy supply is still large and necessitates significant energy storage." @default.
- W3088972593 created "2020-10-01" @default.
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- W3088972593 date "2020-09-23" @default.
- W3088972593 modified "2023-10-09" @default.
- W3088972593 title "Trends in performance factors of wind energy facilities" @default.
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- W3088972593 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03526-z" @default.
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