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- W3091957144 abstract "Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) contain valuable elements, which need to be recovered to sustain the production of new LIBs and reduce the use of virgin resources. In this paper, a laboratory-scale study is carried out to investigate the smelting reduction behavior of electrode materials and the formation mechanism of volatile Li-containing species. The aims are to recover Co, Ni, and Mn in the metal phase and simultaneously recover lithium in the flue dust. The results from smelting reduction of chemical-grade LiCoO 2 without and with the presence of halides (CaF 2 and CaCl 2 ) indicate that component Co 2 O 3 in LiCoO 2 could be reduced to Co metal; meanwhile, component Li 2 O in LiCoO 2 could be reduced to lithium metal vapor or converted into volatile lithium halides (LiF and LiCl) and subsequently be recovered in the flue dust. The results from smelting reduction of electrode materials of spent LIBs indicate that the electrode materials can be smelted into Co–Ni–Mn alloys, and simultaneously lithium can get concentrated and recovered in the flue dust as Li 2 CO 3 and LiF. The absence of a slag allows a nearly 100% recovery of Co, Ni, and Mn in the formed alloy and a nearly 100% recovery of lithium in the flue dust. • A smelting reduction process is applied to recover Co, Ni, Mn, and Li simultaneously. • Co, Ni, and Mn are recovered as Co–Ni–Mn metal alloys. • Li could be recovered as Li 2 CO 3 , LiF, and LiCl in the flue dust. • A nearly 100% recovery of Co, Ni, Mn, and Li is attainable without a slag phase." @default.
- W3091957144 created "2020-10-15" @default.
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- W3091957144 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W3091957144 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W3091957144 title "Recovery of Co, Ni, Mn, and Li from Li-ion batteries by smelting reduction - Part I: A laboratory-scale study" @default.
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- W3091957144 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228936" @default.
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