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- W3092019931 abstract "Abstract There has been a growing interest in deploying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as a biological control agent (BCA) to reduce the use of agrochemicals. Spontaneous phenotypic variation of PGPR, which causes the loss of traits crucial for biocontrol, presents a large obstacle in producing commercial biocontrol products. Here, we report molecular changes associated with phenotypic variation in Paenibacillus polymyxa , a PGPR widely used for biocontrol worldwide, and a simple cultural change that can prevent the variation. Compared to B-type (non-variant) cells of P. polymyxa strain E681, its phenotypic variant, termed as F-type, fails to form spores, does not confer plant growth-promoting effect, and displays altered colony and cell morphology, motility, antagonism against other microbes, and biofilm formation. This variation was observed in all tested strains of P. polymyxa , but the frequency varied among them. RNA-seq analysis revealed differential regulation of many genes involved in sporulation, flagella synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and antimicrobial production in F-type cells, consistent with their pleiotropic phenotypic changes. F-type cells's sporulation was arrested at stage 0, and the key sporulation gene spo0A was upregulated only in B-type cells. The phenotypic variation could be prevented by altering the temperature for growth. When E681 was cultured at 20 °C or lower, it exhibited no variation for 7 days and still reached ~ 10 8 cfu/mL, the level sufficient for commercial-scale production of biocontrol products." @default.
- W3092019931 created "2020-10-15" @default.
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- W3092019931 date "2020-10-06" @default.
- W3092019931 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W3092019931 title "Molecular changes associated with spontaneous phenotypic variation of Paenibacillus polymyxa, a commonly used biocontrol agent, and temperature-dependent control of variation" @default.
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- W3092019931 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73716-7" @default.
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