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• W3092024458 endingPage "114" @default.
• W3092024458 startingPage "71" @default.
• W3092024458 abstract "Processes of ion formation in the atmosphere and their decomposition, as well as the behavior of ions in the troposphere, are analyzed. Cosmic rays including protons and neutrons of GeV energies, as well as hard radiation of galactic or solar origin, penetrate in the atmosphere and lead to the ionization of air molecules through nuclear reactions. The formation of ions under the action of cosmic rays proceeds in all of the troposphere with the rate of the order of 10 cm(^{-3}mathrm{s}^{-1}). Charging of water microdroplets and microparticles which form clouds takes place both in pair collisions if the colliding particles which are located in different aggregate states and due to the attachment of atmospheric ions to microdroplets owing to different mobilities of positive and negative ions. Processes of ion recombination in atmospheric air and transport of tropospheric ions are analyzed. As a result of atmospheric processes, the Earth is charged negatively. Because of a large lifetime of atmospheric ions with respect to recombination, they are covered by a coat consisting of water and other molecules. Since the mobility of ions decreases with an increase of their size, during basic time of residence in the atmosphere growing ions do not partake in the electric processes. We divide the atmosphere into two parts, a clear-sky atmosphere, where discharging of the Earth occurs, and cumulus clouds which include a small part of the atmosphere with the basic portion of atmospheric condensed water in the form of microdroplets mostly. According to an equilibrium between free water molecules and water microdroplets in cumulus clouds, the number density of free water molecules is equal to that of the saturated one at the temperature of a cloud. Gravitation falling of charged water microdroplets of cumulus clouds provides separation of charges in the atmosphere and is responsible for the Earth’s charging." @default.
• W3092024458 created "2020-10-15" @default.
• W3092024458 creator A5039069778 @default.
• W3092024458 date "2020-01-01" @default.
• W3092024458 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3092024458 title "Processes Involving Atmospheric Ions" @default.
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