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• W3092182063 abstract "Plasma processing Science and Technology (PST) impacts Life Sciences in several ways, by producing established and newer processes and surfaces in the field of Biomedical Materials and by providing constant advancements toward newer clinical approaches and therapies in the field of Plasma Medicine, where Wound Healing and Cancer Treatments are probably the most challenging areas of interest. Decontamination and sterilization processes are also continuously developed in PST for the surface of biomedical devices as well as for biological targets such as biomolecules, bacteria, and viruses. Fields like Agriculture and Food Processing are also being impacted by PST with newer approaches that will certainly lead to newer commercial products in the future. With particular reference to cancer treatments, collaborations between plasma scientists and medical doctors are producing day by day newer advances and understanding in clinical approaches and therapies. The rapid development of PST for Biomedical Life Sciences[1, 2] is attested by the continuously growing number of published papers and books on this hot topic, as evident since many years in Plasma Processes and Polymers, as well as in other journals devoted to PST. Most, if not all, processes in Plasma Medicine deal with cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) in gases, most often air, where reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated, as they are able to interact with living targets in a predictable way when properly dosed, thus eliciting effects ranging from the activation of cells functionalities to cell death.[3] Newer direct and indirect CAP processes are being investigated and optimized constantly for wound healing and cancer treatments, where indirect treatments are applied to water-based media to load them with RONS to be used later on biological targets. In this contest, evidently, learning how to optimize the “dose” of the various RONS in the plasma, in the treated liquids, and in cells and tissues, among other parameters, is crucial to the efficacy and to the selectivity of the treatments, especially when they have to be translated to the clinical practice in vivo. The field is in a rapid continuous development; several special issues of Plasma Processes and Polymers have been already organized on biomedical applications of cold plasmas during the life of the journal. We are delighted to present this new special issue on Advanced Applications of Plasmas in Life Sciences, composed of three reviews, two expert opinion papers, two communications, and nine full papers, with most of them dealing with latest advancements in understanding the role of RONS in CAP processes for cancer treatments and decontamination of materials and biological tissues in Plasma Medicine. The manuscripts presented here clearly suggest how lively the field of Plasma Medicine is, with large room for interdisciplinary innovation. The review by Dai et al.[4] initiates this issue and highlights the importance of carefully dosing the RONS produced in the CAP treatments as well as in the treated liquids to selectively stimulate desired biological events (e.g., apoptosis of cancer cells vs. healthy cells) among possible others, and it encourages scientists to develop suitable dosing metrics. The emerging role of CAP treatments against glioblastoma, the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is discussed instead in the review by Zandsalimi et al.[5] The issue of the penetration of RONS in the skin tissue is addressed in their paper by Duan et al.[6]; this is a relevant topic for the optimization of plasma processes in clinic. Satisfactory effects of plasma-generated RONS on proteins are discussed in the two papers by Krewing et al.[7] and by Sasaki et al.[8] The effect of CAP treatments on leukemia cells and on mitochondria, instead, are reviewed in the papers by Turrini et al.[9] and Yan et al.[10] respectively. Nakamura et al.[11] described how tuning the relative flow rate of O2 and N2 in the feed of a novel plasma source can generate plasma-activated media with different relative amounts of RONS, thus with different potential antitumor activities. In most papers of the issue, it is evidenced, in different ways, how plasma-generated RONS can be possibly dosed to drive the red/ox biology of cells toward desired clinical effects. One of the most exciting recent finding in CAP treatments in Oncology is that plasma treatments on cancer cells, beside other effects, indeed can stimulate the expression of markers that induce the immunogenic cell death via the activation of innate immune system of the host.[12] Pieces of evidence of the efficacy of nonthermal plasmas as immunogenic cell death inducers are discussed in the review by Mohamed et al.,[13] where the fascinating hypothesis of vaccinating people against cancer is discussed, as well as in the expert opinion paper by Witzke et al.[14] The issue of antivirus/bacteria material surfaces and of decontamination processes of materials by CAP and by any other mean is of paramount importance nowadays, and it will certainly increase importance in the future, due to obvious reasons connected with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This editorial is being written at a time, September 2020, when the aforementioned pandemic has already infected more than 28 million of people and killed about 900,000 people worldwide,[15] with unprecedented impact on all human activities. Unfortunately, these numbers are going to increase, at least till a proper vaccination strategy is realized at a global level. Plasma processes already gained a relevant position among decontamination/sterilization tools in Life Sciences. For this reason, the collection of papers presented in this special issue includes also contributions toward CAP decontamination processes. The inactivation of viruses with CAP processes is addressed by the communication of Bisag et al.,[16] where inactivation processes of aerosol microdroplets containing bacteria and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA are described, and by the paper of Nayak et al.[17] The paper by Ibis et al.,[18] instead, deals with the CAP inactivation of bacterial biofilm in endotracheal tubes for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia, whereas the communication by Tanaka et al.[19] describes CAP inactivation processes of mold spores. The manuscript of Sysolyatina et al.[20] deals with the CAP synthesis of plasma-activated water mist with antibacterial properties. The last, but not the least, paper of this collection is the visionary expert opinion by Liu et al.[21] where opportunities and forecasts are presented for PST in Plasma Medicine for the next years. All manuscripts collected in this special issue indicate, with no doubts, how PST in Biomedical Life Sciences is constantly advancing toward newer processes, approaches, plasma sources, and plasma-based therapies. We believe that this highly interdisciplinary scientific area, with so many challenging and promising forecasts for PST in strategic fields of Biology and Medicine, will provide plasma scientists with many tasks and targets for the days to come. At the end of this editorial, we would like to sincerely and warmly thank all the authors for their valuable contributions, the reviewers of the manuscripts for their timely and competent work, and all the readership of Plasma Processes and Polymers for their constant appreciation." @default.
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• W3092182063 title "Special issue: Advanced applications of plasmas in Life Sciences 2020" @default.
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