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• W3092949606 abstract "Author(s): Bader Sheikh, Sahaab | Advisor(s): Bedard, Kelly; Deschenes, Olivier | Abstract: This dissertation explores the social and political consequences of natural disasters. My first chapter looks at a flood event in Pakistan and provides causal estimates of the impact on mental health. I then shift focus towards the political economy surrounding natural disasters. For this purpose, I switch attention to the United States of America. The politics and policy environment in the United States of America provide a well-developed setting to explore the complex political terrain of national disaster management agencies.Th first chapter investigates the impact of flooding on mental health. Applying a Differences-in-Differences strategy to a dataset of 4001 rural households in Pakistan, I find that the 2013 flash flood resulted in notably higher mental stress for people living in inundated areas. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) stress index for individuals in flooded areas was thirty-six percentage points higher than those who were not impacted by the flood. Left untreated, poor mental health can have far-reaching and detrimental effects on economic productivity and quality of life. This empirical evidence will hopefully encourage better designs for disaster management and health programs by alerting policy makers to hidden costs of disasters, such as the issue of mental health.In the second chapter, joint with Daniel Szmurlo, we explore the extent to which political and objectives influencethe operations of bureaucracies that administer disaster relief. We ask, ``Do House of Representative elections influence the allocation of post disaster relief?'' Billions of dollars are transferred to homeowners through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Individual Assistance Program to help recover from natural disasters. Much of the decision-making in the allocation of relief grants is left to the discretionary authority of the President, who may use the allocation to further political and electoral objectives. We investigate the use of Individual Assistance as vote-buying in House of Representative elections. We find the existence of large patronage-driven relief packages going to Congressional districts aligned with the party of the President. In addition, we find that more competitive Congressional districts receive larger relief packages, suggesting that Individual Assistance funds are tactically distributed to influence House elections. Finally, we find little evidence that Congressional committee membership influences the allocation process.In the third chapter, joint with Daniel Szmurlo, we investigate Congressional influence on the allocation of federal mitigation grants. Since 1997, $20 billion has been paid out to homeowners, communities and states through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Hazard Mitigation Assistance program to acquire or demolish properties, flood-proof buildings, and relocate families. Much of the decision-making in the allocation of mitigation grants is overseen by members of Congress with seats on FEMA subcommittees, who may use the allocation to further political and electoral objectives. We find that prior to FEMA's restructuring into the larger Department of Homeland Security in 2003, Representatives successfully divert mitigation funds to their own constituencies to the order of 50%-150% of the median federal contribution per zip code. Diverted funds represent 4.2% of the total HMA budget. In addition, during this period they also are successful at building coalitions with Representatives within their state to secure funds for other districts. The 2003 restructuring of FEMA nullifies the benefits of both direct subcommittee membership and coalitions, suggesting that the added bureaucratic layers, expansion of executive operations, and splintering of oversight across committees make it harder for members of Congress to exert pressure on agency operations." @default.
• W3092949606 created "2020-10-22" @default.
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• W3092949606 date "2020-01-01" @default.
• W3092949606 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3092949606 title "Essays on the Economics of Natural Disasters" @default.
• W3092949606 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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