FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3093165933> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W3093165933 endingPage "e1463" @default.
• W3093165933 startingPage "e1463" @default.
• W3093165933 abstract "Pedro Baqui and colleagues (August 2020)1Baqui P Ebara S Bica I Marra V Ercol A van der Schaar M Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study.Lancet Glob Health. 2020; 8: e1018-e1026Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (328) Google Scholar did a cross-sectional observational study of hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil to assess variations in mortality according to ethnicity and region, adjusting for many clinical features. The study revealed the presence of societal inequities in the effects of COVID-19: mortality was significantly higher in Pardo (mixed ethnicity) and Black Brazilians than in White Brazilians (hazard ratio [HR] 1·45, 95% CI 1·33–1·58 for Pardo Brazilians; 1·32, 1·15–1·52 for Black Brazilians). The authors used a mixed-effects Cox regression survival analysis to estimate the effects of ethnicity while allowing the baseline hazard function to vary by state. Beyond exploring variation across entities of interest (here, the Brazilian states), an important advantage of mixed-effects models compared with standard methods is their capacity to adjust for violations of the assumption of independent observations.2Austin PC A tutorial on multilevel survival analysis: methods, models and applications.Int Stat Rev. 2017; 85: 185-203Crossref PubMed Scopus (256) Google Scholar In the context of health care, assuming that clinical outcomes for patients receiving care within the same hospital are independent is not appropriate. Ignoring this issue could lead to unreliable estimations and, in conventional terms, increases the risk of incorrectly rejecting a null hypothesis.3Aarts E Verhage M Veenvliet JV Dolan CV van der Sluis S A solution to dependency: using multilevel analysis to accommodate nested data.Nat Neurosci. 2014; 17: 491-496Crossref PubMed Scopus (360) Google Scholar Instead of allowing the baseline hazard function to vary only across states, Baqui and colleagues' model should also have incorporated hospitals within those states as sources of variation and dependence between patients, which would have reflected the hierarchical nature of the data more accurately. Indeed, using public data and code provided by the authors, I re-ran the model to incorporate hospitals within states, which altered the findings. The HR for Pardo Brazilians decreased from 1·45 to 1·28 (95% CI 1·17–1·41) and the HR for Black Brazilians decreased from 1·32 to 1·12 (0·96–1·30), making the HR no longer statistically significant. These two HRs were outside the 95% CIs of the original estimates. The differences were substantial in size and uncertainty (appendix), regardless of the excessive focus on statistical significance in quantitative research.4McShane BB Gal D Gelman A Robert C Tackett JL Abandon statistical significance.Am Stat. 2019; 73: 235-245Crossref Scopus (450) Google Scholar Although incorporating hospitals into the mixed-effects model yielded smaller HRs for Black and Pardo Brazilians, these HRs remained higher than those for White Brazilians. Furthermore, differences in the quality of care across hospitals are also related to the ethnicity of patients, which calls for additional work. An accompanying Comment by Helena Ribeiro and colleagues5Ribeiro H Mendes Lima V Alves Valdman E In the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, do brown lives matter?.Lancet Glob Health. 2020; 8: e976-e977Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (25) Google Scholar highlighted the racial, socioeconomic, and environmental determinants of Brazilians' health, and charted a way forward for further research. I declare no competing interests. Download .pdf (.07 MB) Help with pdf files Supplementary appendix" @default.
• W3093165933 created "2020-10-22" @default.
• W3093165933 creator A5068841264 @default.
• W3093165933 date "2020-12-01" @default.
• W3093165933 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3093165933 title "Violations of independence: ethnicity and COVID-19 in Brazil" @default.
• W3093165933 cites W1985733673 @default.
• W3093165933 cites W2598303606 @default.
• W3093165933 cites W2949268160 @default.
• W3093165933 cites W3038297174 @default.
• W3093165933 cites W3038328918 @default.
• W3093165933 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30431-9" @default.
• W3093165933 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7567475" @default.
• W3093165933 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33075276" @default.
• W3093165933 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
• W3093165933 type Work @default.
• W3093165933 sameAs 3093165933 @default.
• W3093165933 citedByCount "1" @default.
• W3093165933 countsByYear W30931659332023 @default.
• W3093165933 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W3093165933 hasAuthorship W3093165933A5068841264 @default.
• W3093165933 hasBestOaLocation W30931659331 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C137403100 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C142052008 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C142724271 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C149923435 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C166957645 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C19165224 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C205649164 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C207103383 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C23131810 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C2779134260 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C2779343474 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C2779473830 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C3008058167 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C44249647 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C50382708 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C524204448 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConcept C83867959 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C126322002 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C137403100 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C142052008 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C142724271 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C144024400 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C149923435 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C166957645 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C17744445 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C19165224 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C199539241 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C205649164 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C207103383 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C23131810 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C2779134260 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C2779343474 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C2779473830 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C3008058167 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C44249647 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C50382708 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C524204448 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C71924100 @default.
• W3093165933 hasConceptScore W3093165933C83867959 @default.
• W3093165933 hasIssue "12" @default.
• W3093165933 hasLocation W30931659331 @default.
• W3093165933 hasLocation W30931659332 @default.
• W3093165933 hasOpenAccess W3093165933 @default.
• W3093165933 hasPrimaryLocation W30931659331 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W2104371799 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W2748952813 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W2765980456 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W2899084033 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W2976382042 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W2994686985 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W3014520459 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W4225113788 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W4244415805 @default.
• W3093165933 hasRelatedWork W4327634491 @default.
• W3093165933 hasVolume "8" @default.
• W3093165933 isParatext "false" @default.
• W3093165933 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W3093165933 magId "3093165933" @default.
• W3093165933 workType "article" @default.