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• W309609209 abstract "Memory, an exercise of the living, and especially of those who remember so that cultures may not die, impose both responsibility and curse on those who choose remember. Flora Gonzalez Mandri, Guarding Cultural Memory, 2006 Reliving the Trauma European transatlantic slave trade was initiated and perpetuated by the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Spanish, the Dutch and others of European heritage in Europe and the Western Hemisphere. It caused profound rupture in the and diasporic psyche which has in turn caused sense of disorientation, dislocation and alienation amongst peoples on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Using examples from Ouidah, Benin Republic, once major hub of the slave trade, this essay examines few ways that the descendants of slave traders, enslaved and witnesses issues of trauma resulting from the slave-trading history, sometimes with the conscious hope of healing the rupture; other times in seemingly uncontrollable compulsion. As Dona Marimba Richards asserts in Let the Circle Be Unbroken (1994), The trade in lives and the enslavement of beings by Europeans constituted the most thoroughly destructive act ever be perpetrated by one group upon another (1994: 12). experience was traumatic for not only those who endured the Middle Passage, but also for those who were left behind. It meant chaos on both sides of the Atlantic (ibid, p. 13). Furthermore, Dr. Richards points out that African groups that allowed themselves procure slaves for the Europeans did so in repudiation of basic humanism (ibid, p 13). Their involvement has caused metaphysical imbalance that must be addressed and remedied as the descendants of sellers, sold and witnesses are still caught in the traumatic web that the slave trade set in motion. Richards proposes that Kungara/Emi Lilo or ritual drama is the key replacing chaos with harmony. I propose that as contemporary Africa and diasporic peoples address their historical trauma through ritualistic drama, Spirit (1) is also working on both sides of the transatlantic divide promote healing and reconciliation. I want further suggest that this metaphysical push for healing is what we see manifest as seemingly compulsive behavior in the physical world. expression, is defined as a (usually irritating) impulsive and uncontrollable outburst by problem child or neurotic adult. In psychiatry it is the display of previously inhibited emotions (often in actions rather than words); considered be healthy and therapeutic (wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn). It also means to perform an action express (often subconscious) emotional conflicts. acting done is usually anti-social and may take the form of acting on the impulses of an addiction (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_out). It is characterized as reaction in which person lowers anxiety, hostility or other unpleasant emotions by allowing the expression in overt behavior. It is the process of expressing unconscious emotional conflicts or feelings via actions rather than words (www.careinaction.com/resources_dict_a.html). This expression can take many forms including dangerous behavior such as self-harm or suicidal gestures (www.mindcontrolforums.com/didglossary.htm). On one hand, the expression, out, has negative connotations. It is uncontrollable and anti-social behavior. This meaning is usually applied children or adults who behave in way that is socially unacceptable. On the other hand it is considered be healthy and therapeutic, referring the actions of individuals or groups who are misbehaving, but who, upon further investigation, are discovered be doing so because they want draw attention something that is not right; something that is bothering them, but which they do not feel empowered articulate directly. …" @default.
• W309609209 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W309609209 date "2011-09-01" @default.
• W309609209 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W309609209 title "Acting Out: Performing memory of enslavement in Ouidah, Benin Republic" @default.
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