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• W3096306234 abstract "Phenology, the timing of seasonal life cycles in plants and animals, is more than worth the effort and expense to track. Knowledge of the year-to-year variation, as well as directional change in the timing of seasonal events such as leaf out, flowering, and migration, has clear and direct value to human and ecosystem health, disease, economics, and society. Rooted in the notion that phenology reveals “fingerprints” of climate change (Parmesan 2007), as well as being “the simplest process…to track changes in the ecology of species in response to climate change” (IPCC 2007), the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN) was established 2007. The aims of the Network were to document and report the timing of seasonal events to support science, human health, agriculture, natural resources, tourism and recreation, and education. Over the past 14 years, the USA-NPN has grown into a national-scale, high-impact enterprise, providing data, maps, decision support, and infrastructure to land management agencies, research scientists, policy makers, the news media, and the general public. However, support for this critically important program has been severely reduced, putting its continued operation into immediate jeopardy. Funding should be sustained, if not increased, to support the continued activities of the USA-NPN. The USA-NPN freely offers a growing roster of maps and short-term forecasts to support planning and management decisions. One suite of such maps, the USA-NPN's Status of Spring maps, which indicate the beginning of springtime biological activity, is referenced widely to anticipate the societal and economic impacts of early springs, including the early appearance of turf grass pests, potential damage to trees and crops, the start of the allergy season, and possible asynchrony between flowering and the high-profile events that center on them, such as cherry flowering and the National Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, DC. As evidence of their relevance, these maps appear regularly in local and national news outlets, including The New York Times, USA Today, The Washington Post, Bloomberg News, and The Weather Channel. Broadcast meteorologists nationwide also use these maps to locally document an early or late start to spring. Other USA-NPN map and forecast products are widely referenced in forestry, urban forestry, and agriculture, and are used in invasive species management. At the core of the forecast products offered by the USA-NPN is a rich, standardized, rapidly growing dataset of phenology observations contributed by professional and volunteer scientists through the USA-NPN's program, Nature's Notebook (www.naturesnotebook.org). This program is rigorous enough to have been adopted by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites, National Parks, and National Wildlife Refuges for collecting and maintaining phenology information, while approachable enough to be used daily by thousands of volunteer data collectors nationwide. Further, hundreds of higher education institutions and K‒12 classrooms nationwide use Nature's Notebook and consequent data in inquiry-based learning and hands-on exploration of phenology and large datasets. Engagement by both volunteer and professional scientists in Nature's Notebook yields a dataset at a spatial scale and density, temporal frequency, and taxonomic breadth unapproachable by paid professionals. Additionally, as in other citizen science programs, the volunteer participants in Nature's Notebook enjoy increases in science literacy and the process of “doing science,” a deepened sense of place, and a greater understanding and appreciation for the plants and animals they are observing. And, critically, the mixed approach of professional and volunteer data collection offers durability against major disruptions like the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic shutdowns. Though Nature's Notebook experienced a drop in incoming observations in late spring and early summer as COVID-related closures rolled out through the country, by July 2020, incoming data had rebounded to 85% of 2019 levels and record levels of site registration have been sustained since early April. The Nature's Notebook data (23M records as of this writing) are indispensable for interpreting measurements collected by satellite-borne sensors and for providing context to information collected at single locations such as NEON or LTER sites. They also provide a crucial baseline for disturbances such as COVID-19 disruption (Diffenbaugh et al. 2020). Further, these data serve as the foundation for current efforts in predicting seasonal dynamics of pollen release, mosquito abundance, and fall leaf color change. The entirety of this infrastructure, innovation, data, information products, and public engagement costs ~$1M annually. Unfortunately, that amount (a drop in the bucket compared to agency budgets and other long-term monitoring programs) is becoming an insurmountable barrier to the continuation of the goods and services made possible by the USA-NPN. The program was initially supported by the US Geological Survey to support science and society, and has benefitted from major support from that agency, as well as significant contributions by the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Science Foundation, the National Park Service, and The Wildlife Society, over the years. But because of federal budget issues, support for the USA-NPN's fundamental infrastructure and staff was reduced by 75% for 2021. Our small staff has been scrambling to secure grants and donations to cover next year's costs while concurrently exploring options for more sustainable long-term options. However, a funding model comprised mainly of grants is not at all sustainable. Grants necessitate the innovation and enhancement of existing products and tools, but we cannot continue to innovate and improve without support for the basic infrastructure that underpins these enhancements. To be sure, the USA National Phenology Network is one of many deserving programs clamoring for sustained funding. But the widespread impacts of USA-NPN data and products are well-established through traditional metrics, including website visits, recirculated content, volunteer retention, peer-reviewed publications using the data, and public opinion; all this is clear evidence that the program benefits science and society substantially and should be maintained. What is needed is a concerted commitment from a federal entity to sustain, or even grow, the capacity of the USA-NPN. A modest budget increase would be parlayed immediately into forecasts of invasive species, the spread of disease, drought impacts, and more. A lapse in funding for the program would result in a gap or even permanent discontinuation in data collection, impeding science's ability to identify climate change impacts and make adaptation efforts as well as hindering short-term decisions that benefit from phenological information. Further, a disruption in service leaves agencies and organizations dependent upon the USA-NPN infrastructure for data management and decision support at a loss. And a break in the availability of Nature's Notebook could permanently sour volunteers on participating. The loss of USA National Phenology Network products, information, data, and infrastructure, with such clear and well-documented relevance to science and society, would truly be a shame and a loss for all inhabitants of the country, now and for decades into the future. This is a call for a renewed commitment to this invaluable resource to science and society which supports short-term decisions as well as understanding long-term climate change impacts." @default.
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• W3096306234 date "2020-10-30" @default.
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• W3096306234 title "The USA National Phenology Network: Big Idea, Productivity, and Potential—and Now, at Big Risk" @default.
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