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• W3099429503 abstract "Reviewed by: America’s First Interstate: The National Road, 1806–1853 by Roger Pickenpaugh Samuel J. Richards America’s First Interstate: The National Road, 1806–1853. By Roger Pickenpaugh. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2020. Pp. xii, 210.) The National Road Festival long ago deteriorated into a multistate flea market stretching for miles along US Route 40. Many bargain hunters visiting yard sales in Wheeling likely know little about the road designed to traverse the Alleghenies as a vital link between Washington, DC, and the early American northwest. Roger Pickenpaugh’s America’s First Interstate offers festival organizers a helpful resource to reclaim the annual May celebration’s original historical focus. Pickenpaugh’s scholarly study invites readers to reconsider the political and economic significance of the National Road constructed between 1811 and 1834. He begins with a brief historiographical essay that identifies his goal “to provide a solid narrative of the National Road’s earliest days” and to “offer more detail into the construction of the road through Indiana and Illinois” (xii). To do this, he draws on congressional records along with manuscripts, newspapers, and government reports from Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. In doing so, Pickenpaugh achieves both of his stated goals while calling on fellow historians to treat his book as the beginning of a conversation. Pickenpaugh’s many citations, extensive bibliography, and historiographical overview make America’s First Interstate a useful resource for subsequent scholars, while still being a readable introductory volume for history buffs. Pickenpaugh’s chapters are arranged chronologically and follow route construction east to west beginning with Cumberland, Maryland. His first chapter provides context by introducing readers to the landscape and influential men including Albert Gallatin, Ebenezer Zane, Simon Girty, and George Washington. This chapter relies more heavily on secondary sources, [End Page 53] especially Ron Chernow’s Washington: A Life (New York: Penguin, 2010). However, Pickenpaugh’s eleven other chapters bring together a variety of primary sources for the first time to explore political debates regarding federal involvement in road construction foreshadowing Henry Clay’s internal improvements known as the American System, long-term problems with contractors who were unreliable and at times cheating, difficulties associated with state takeovers of the road following federal abandonment, and ways local leaders lobbied for the road to pass through their towns. After all, being chosen as the site for this historic thoroughfare made Wheeling the primary Ohio River crossing despite objections from Wellsburg, Steubenville, and Pittsburgh. It gave Wheeling an advantage and led to the city having the longest clear-span bridge in the United States from 1849 until completion of the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883. In Pickenpaugh’s words, “the people of Wheeling had reason to be proud” (117). In addition to the politics of road construction, chapters also explore social and economic factors. Pickenpaugh examines the development of rival stage coach companies headquartered in Hagerstown, Maryland; Uniontown and Washington, Pennsylvania; and Wheeling. Pickenpaugh writes: “To boys living along the route, the [stage coach] drivers occupied a position of esteem that astronauts would hold more than a century later” (91). He also relies on Thomas B. Searight’s The Old Pike (Uniontown, 1894) as a source of many interesting tales. Unfortunately, these tend to favor the well connected. Pickenpaugh rightly laments the dearth of sources regarding mostly Irish laborers who built the road. In his analysis, “Largely illiterate, they left virtually no record of their efforts” (41). He also points to entrenched racism and some fugitive slave encounters along the road concluding that the “famed hospitality of the National Road was entirely dependent on race” (109). This conclusion will resonate with readers of W. Thomas Mainwarring’s Abandoned Tracks: The Underground Railroad in Washington County, Pennsylvania (Notre Dame University Press, 2018) that includes discussion of several National Road communities. It is worth noting that even now the National Road crosses Negro Mountain, which local leaders in Maryland and Pennsylvania strangely still maintain is a suitable way to honor a black man killed in battle during the French and Indian War. The fact that America’s First Interstate brings together so many primary sources for the first time is shocking. It is another..." @default.
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• W3099429503 date "2020-01-01" @default.
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• W3099429503 title "America’s First Interstate: The National Road, 1806–1853 by Roger Pickenpaugh" @default.
• W3099429503 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/wvh.2020.0006" @default.
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