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- W3099581690 abstract "We explore the effective degrees of freedom in the early Universe, from before the electroweak scale at a few femtoseconds after the Big Bang until the last positrons disappeared a few minutes later. We look at the established concepts of effective degrees of freedom for energy density, pressure, and entropy density, and introduce effective degrees of freedom for number density as well. We discuss what happens with particle species as their temperature cools down from relativistic to semi- and non-relativistic temperatures, and then annihilates completely. This will affect the pressure and the entropy per particle. We also look at the transition from a quark-gluon plasma to a hadron gas. Using a list a known hadrons, we use a “cross-over” temperature of 214 MeV, where the effective degrees of freedom for a quark-gluon plasma equals that of a hadron gas." @default.
- W3099581690 created "2020-11-23" @default.
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- W3099581690 date "2016-12-17" @default.
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- W3099581690 title "On Effective Degrees of Freedom in the Early Universe" @default.
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- W3099581690 doi "https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies4040078" @default.
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