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• W3100182395 abstract "Earth’s physical landscapes are framed initially by tectonism, reshaped by climate, garnished by plants and animals, and modified by human activity. Tectonism constructs the physical framework of the continents and ocean floors. Climate, the synthesis of weather, generates the surface processes that reshape this framework through erosion and sedimentation, and also provides the conditions necessary to support life. In various guises, tectonism and climate have played these roles from early in Earth history, although 90% of Earth time had passed before the continents began to acquire vascular plants and land animals. However, because Earth’s crust is ponderously mobile and climate depends ultimately on the variable receipt of solar radiation, tectonic and climatic forcing vary across time and space. Consequently, continents come to acquire distinctive suites of landscapes that reflect changing locational, tectonic, climatic, and biotic influences over time. South America exemplifies this concept—a continent whose distinctive qualities owe much to the roles played by tectonism and climate over time, including their impacts on landforms and biota. Tectonism and climate are interactive forces. By determining the distribution and shape of land masses and ocean basins, tectonism influences the relative importance of continentality and oceanicity to climate. Over time, tectonism also influences climate change by promoting uplift favorable to prolonged cooling and perhaps glaciation, by opening and closing seaways to ocean circulation, and by influencing atmospheric composition by the generation and consumption of crustal rocks. Though more subtle, climate may in turn affect tectonism by redistributing continental mass through erosion and deposition, thereby generating isostatic adjustments to crustal loading and unloading. Tectonism also influences plant and animal distributions directly, for example by providing linkages or barriers to migration, while climate and biota are intimately linked in the biome concept and the feedback effect of biomes on climatic processes. This chapter examines the interactive roles of tectonism and climate in changing the South American landscape over the 200 million years that have passed since the initial breakup of Pangea. It then discusses the implications of these changes for geomorphology and biogeography, and concludes with a brief evaluation of the pace of landscape change." @default.
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• W3100182395 date "2007-04-26" @default.
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• W3100182395 title "Tectonism, Climate, and Landscape Change" @default.
• W3100182395 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0009" @default.
• W3100182395 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
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