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- W3100418948 abstract "Where Are We Now? Yow et al. [14] conducted a descriptive epidemiologic study to investigate the distribution of anterior, posterior, and combined arthroscopic stabilization procedures at the United States Naval Academy during a continuous 125-month period. The authors found that isolated anterior instability procedures were performed in 47% of patients, isolated posterior instability procedures were performed in 18%, and combined anterior-posterior instability procedures were performed in 35%. Shoulder instability is common in the United States military population, where the glenohumeral dislocation rate has been reported to be nearly 20 times that of the general civilian population [5]. As an orthopaedic community, we are indebted to our military colleagues for a substantial portion of our collective knowledge pertaining to shoulder instability [12]. From Keller’s original report on shoulder capsulodesis [3] to the 30-year series of open Bankart repairs by Rowe et al. [9], studying military populations has improved our ability to identify patients who are at a higher risk of experiencing shoulder instability and to stratify affected patients in order to determine who is likely to benefit from a surgical stabilization procedure. Although prior studies on civilians have shown a low incidence of posterior and combined instability compared with anterior instability [8, 11], military studies suggest a much higher incidence of posterior and combined pathologic conditions among active servicemembers [7, 10]. The present study [14] gives additional credence to those findings by reporting similar results in a younger patient population with a greater total number of participants. While active servicemembers comprise a distinctive population, the results of this study raise the potential for similar injury patterns in other athletic, high-demand populations that are subjected to comparable training- and work-related requirements. Indeed, athletes such as American football linemen [2] are known to have a high prevalence of posterior shoulder instability, and further investigation is needed to determine whether this might also extend to other susceptible populations. Where Do We Need To Go? The higher incidence of posterior and combined shoulder instability in the military population provides fertile ground for further research to expand our knowledge regarding these less-common types of shoulder instability. Younger age and being a man are known risk factors for developing shoulder instability, but whether these factors correlate with the instability type remains unknown. The ideal treatment strategy (nonoperative, arthroscopic repair, or open repair) for each type of instability must also be elucidated, including the effectiveness of each treatment option in the presence of various patient- and injury-specific factors. In a similar vein, the most appropriate treatment of first-time dislocation or subluxation continues to be a point of contention and should be addressed more comprehensively in studies on shoulder instability. Although initial episodes of glenohumeral instability had been treated nonoperatively in the past, studies have demonstrated a lower risk of recurrence with surgical treatment in young, active patients [1, 6]. However, the role of arthroscopic versus open stabilization remains controversial in this setting, particularly if glenoid bone loss is present. Moreover, the importance of surgical timing, specifically, early as opposed to delayed surgical intervention, remains uncertain and is particularly applicable to military servicemembers and elite athletes, who may be incentivized to delay surgery until the end of the sports season or the end of their deployment. Recurrent shoulder instability after primary stabilization was not addressed in the study by Yow et al. [14], but it also represents an important area of further investigation. Should a patient whose dislocation has recurred after arthroscopic stabilization be revised arthroscopically or using open surgery? Can recurrent instability that occurs after open stabilization be safely revised arthroscopically? A prior study examined revision surgical options for recurrent instability in the military population, but these questions have largely remained answered [2]. How Do We Get There? Given that randomized controlled trials can be difficult to design and complete for the purpose of comparing surgical techniques, meticulous prospective tracking of patient data is an important first step toward addressing many of the questions and controversies pertaining to shoulder instability. Although this is certainly more straightforward to establish in the closed military healthcare system, large health maintenance organizations such as Kaiser Permanente [13] as well as multicenter consortia such as the MOON Shoulder Group [4] have shown that high-quality prospective outcome tracking can also be accomplished in the civilian sector. By categorizing patients in terms of specific factors such as instability type, number of dislocations, and amount of glenoid bone loss, we will be able to stratify their outcomes more effectively. A detailed outcome assessment is also a critical part of the process. This entails prospectively tracking not only the rates of instability recurrence but also other key metrics such as postoperative ROM, complications, and patient-reported outcomes. Our goal in treating shoulder instability should be to depart from rigid, algorithmic decision-making in favor of individualized care that is tailored to each patient based on his or her unique history and presentation. Finally, although active servicemembers are an appealing study population because of their age, activity level, and physical occupational requirements, further investigation is needed to improve our comprehension of the similarities and differences between active military servicemembers and their civilian counterparts. This will allow us to maximize the applicability and generalizability of the shoulder instability research that is conducted in the military population." @default.
- W3100418948 created "2020-11-23" @default.
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- W3100418948 date "2020-11-12" @default.
- W3100418948 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3100418948 title "CORR Insights®: The Incidence of Posterior and Combined AP Shoulder Instability Treatment with Surgical Stabilization Is Higher in an Active Military Population than in the General Population: Findings from the US Naval Academy" @default.
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- W3100418948 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000001574" @default.
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