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- W3100917679 abstract "In the predator-prey model introduced in chapter 7, two types of individuals interact with each other. The key features are that the reproduction rate of each type depends on the size of both types and that each individual’s welfare depends on his or her interaction with other individuals. Besides the predator-prey interaction described above, there are several other well-known two-type interactions in economic literature. Hardin’s (1968) classic paper on “tragedy of the commons” is a typical example. The scenario of decision interaction Hardin considered is as follows: there is a pasture open to all, and each herdsman considers whether to add an animal to his herd. The benefit of adding an animal goes to each individual, but the social (overgrazing) cost is born by all herdsmen. Thus, it is a dominant strategy for each herdsman to add more cattle, which, however, leads to a Pareto-inferior overgrazing result, If we consider the interaction between any two herdsmen as a 2 × 2 game, then the game Hardin had in mind is similar to the “prisoners’ dilemma.” When the concern with herd size is replaced by the concern with population size, the problem becomes one of population/environment interaction. This kind of decision interaction will be discussed in chapter 14. In this chapter we will study another kind of two-type population interaction, the critical-mass model proposed by Schelling (1978). In the critical-mass setup, people can choose different behavior types in different periods, and their choice depends on the overall behavioral pattern in the previous period. The key idea is described in the following example. Suppose we use the [0,1] interval to characterize the behavioral pattern of the population. When the behavioral pattern is close to 0, then the rational decisions of most people will sustain 0 as a stable equilibrium. When the overall pattern exceeds a certain critical mass, the tide turns; as people gradually change their micro decisions, the macro behavioral pattern eventually changes to 1, which is another stable equilibrium. Schelling (1978) proposed many empirical examples that have the above-mentioned critical-mass property." @default.
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- W3100917679 date "1998-10-22" @default.
- W3100917679 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3100917679 title "Attitude-Specific Population Models: Dynamic Custom Evolution" @default.
- W3100917679 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121582.003.0013" @default.
- W3100917679 hasPublicationYear "1998" @default.
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