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• W3101154216 abstract "ABSTRACT CRISPR-Cas systems require discriminating self from non-self DNA during adaptation and interference. Yet, multiple cases have been reported of bacteria containing self-targeting spacers (STS), i.e. CRISPR spacers targeting protospacers on the same genome. STS has been suggested to reflect potential auto-immunity as an unwanted side effect of CRISPR-Cas defense, or a regulatory mechanism for gene expression. Here we investigated the incidence, distribution, and evasion of STS in over 100,000 bacterial genomes. We found STS in all CRISPR-Cas types and in one fifth of all CRISPR-carrying bacteria. Notably, up to 40% of I-B and I-F CRISPR-Cas systems contained STS. We observed that STS-containing genomes almost always carry a prophage and that STS map to prophage regions in more than half of the cases. Despite carrying STS, genetic deterioration of CRISPR-Cas systems appears to be rare, suggesting a level of escape from the potentially deleterious effects of STS by other mechanisms such as anti-CRISPR proteins and CRISPR target mutations. We propose a scenario where it is common to acquire an STS against a prophage, and this may trigger more extensive STS buildup by primed spacer acquisition in type I systems, without detrimental autoimmunity effects. The mechanisms of auto-immunity evasion create tolerance to STS-targeted prophages, and contribute both to viral dissemination and bacterial diversification." @default.
• W3101154216 created "2020-11-23" @default.
• W3101154216 creator A5012680193 @default.
• W3101154216 creator A5015446894 @default.
• W3101154216 creator A5051219873 @default.
• W3101154216 creator A5060807057 @default.
• W3101154216 date "2020-03-04" @default.
• W3101154216 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3101154216 title "Prophages are associated with extensive CRISPR-Cas auto-immunity" @default.
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• W3101154216 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.973784" @default.
• W3101154216 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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