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- W310258634 abstract "I entered the cell around 5 a.m. Before that, they took photos of me in degrading positions. They'd stripped me and were laughing at me. And I'd hear screaming. Men and women screaming.... I never thought I'd get out alive because they didn't give me a Red Cross number.... If someone wasn't given a number he remained in a situation of deferred death. Everyone who wasn't given a number felt he could die in an hour, the next day, the day after (Abu Ghraib ex-detainee, Abu Maan, in Roussett, Dateline, 2005). No beatings I'd ever suffered were as savage as those inflicted by the uniformed men who were paid to keep the peace, the prison guards.... That was the memory: being held down by three or four officers in the punishment units while two or three others worked me over with fists, batons, and boots.... It's the whole system, the whole world, that's breaking your bones. And then there was the screaming. The other men, other prisoners, screaming. Every night.... (H Division ex-prisoner, Gregory David Roberts, 2003: 143-144). ********** THIS ARTICLE ARGUES THAT THERE ARE PERVASIVE HISTORICAL CONTINUITIES BETWEEN the brutalizing and dehumanizing practices deployed at the U.S.-run Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq and domestic penal practice in Western capitalist states such as the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. The photographic documentation of torture and sexual coercion at Abu Ghraib mobilized considerable international outrage and disgust, yet in the same instance the abuses been conceived as exceptional, occurring outside the boundaries of civilized penal practice and in the context of wartime Iraq. Critics such as Angela Davis (2005) and Avery Gordon (2006) refute such arguments, asserting such practices cannot be exceptionalized as anomalies. Rather, as Davis (2005: 49-53) argues, they must be understood as emanating from techniques of punishment deeply embedded in the history of the institution of prison. This article argues that although the Abu Ghraib scandal may broken against the backdrop of the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq and the war on terror, the practices documented in the photographs and the ensuing official distancing, justification, and denials demand critical examination in the localized context and historical continuum of racialized punishment, brutal penal practice, and the historical growth of militarized systems of punishment within domestic prison systems in the West. Moreover, it is argued that the concealed exertion of state power in the form of institutionalized coercion and racialized violence is integral to the role of the prison in historical and contemporary contexts. To elucidate these contexts and continuities, this article draws parallels and distinctions between the methods and practices deployed by the U.S. forces in Iraq and those in the Australian prison system during the 1970s. A comparative examination of psychologically and physically brutalizing practices deployed at Abu Ghraib and Victoria's Pentridge Prison H Division maximum-security unit in Australia during the 1970s therefore comprise the focus of this discussion. The nature of official responses to the exposure of atrocities at Abu Ghraib and H Division and the official construction of regimes of justification to defend these practices are also considered. This discussion necessitates brief consideration of the progressive blurring of borders between the traditionally separate spheres of military law and civil criminal justice institutions--a trend that emerged long before the war on terror was declared. Evidence suggests that these borders have been incrementally but extensively eroded over the previous three decades (McCulloch and Carlton, 2006: 400; McCulloch, 2001). Scholars such as McCulloch (2001) documented the phenomenon of paramilitary policing in Western states since the 1970s to illustrate this movement. However, the much researched British occupation of Northern Ireland and political conflict there provide a further case in point. …" @default.
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- W310258634 date "2007-12-01" @default.
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- W310258634 title "From H Division to Abu Ghraib: regimes of justification and the historical proliferation of state-inflicted terror and violence in maximum-security" @default.
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