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- W3105933456 abstract "Enigmatic ctenophores are descendants of one of the earliest branching metazoan lineage. Their nervous systems are equally elusive. The lack of convenient neurogenic molecules and neurotransmitters suggests an extensive parallel evolution and independent origins of neurons and synapses. However, the field is logged behind due to the lack of microanatomical data about the neuro-muscular systems in this group of animals. Here, using immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, we describe the organization of both muscular and nervous systems in the sea gooseberry, Pleurobrachia bachei, from North Pacific. The diffused neural system of Pleurobrachia consists of two subsystems: the subepithelial neural network and the mesogleal net with about 5000-7000 neurons combined. Our data revealed the unprecedented complexity of neuromuscular organization in this basal metazoan lineage. The anatomical diversity of cell types includes at least nine broad categories of neurons, five families of surface receptors and more than two dozen types of muscle cells as well as regional concentrations of neuronal elements to support ctenophore feeding, complex swimming, escape and prey capture behaviors. In summary, we recognize more than 80 total morphological cell types. Thus, in terms of cell type specification and diversity, ctenophores significantly exceed what we currently know about other prebilaterian groups (placozoan, sponges, and cnidarians), and some basal bilaterians." @default.
- W3105933456 created "2020-11-23" @default.
- W3105933456 creator A5032640541 @default.
- W3105933456 creator A5062715207 @default.
- W3105933456 date "2018-08-16" @default.
- W3105933456 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3105933456 title "Atlas of Neuromuscular Organization in the Ctenophore, Pleurobrachia bachei (A. Agassiz, 1860)" @default.
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- W3105933456 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/385435" @default.
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