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- W3107041908 abstract "The continuous increase in demand for limited freshwater resources leads to overexploitation andviolation of environmental flow requirements around the world. This in turn can lead to economicdownfall and decreasing health of riverine ecosystems. The Orange River basin is chosen as a casestudy as the current consumption of water was estimated to violate the environmental flowrequirements in many regions for some months of the year.A policy measure to prevent violation of the environmental flow requirements is to limit humanitieswater consumption. In this thesis this is done by exploring the setting of blue water footprint caps forthe Orange River basin, these caps have been set per months and per sub-catchment to account forspatial and temporal variability in blue water availability. This was done by using a water balance modelwhich is able to include reservoirs, water transfers and water consumption. In combination with theWRSM/Pitman rainfall runoff model it can model the actual runoff in the river. Detailed environmentalflow requirements have been used at the river mouth and have been distributed over the upstreamsub-catchments. This showed that to preserve the environment an average of 31% of the naturaloccurring runoff had to be preserved for the environment. Uncertainties in future runoff predictionsbrought forward the trade-off between violation of the environmental flow requirements and utilizingavailable flow. This trade-off is quantified on the level of sub-catchments in the Orange River basin byallowing certain levels of violation.The development of methodology on how water between competing users can be allocated raised twoquestions, how can water be allocated in an equitable manner and how can an allocation strategymaximize the social and economic welfare. Equity was determined difficult to define and maximisationof the social and economic welfare could be reached by usage of an optimization model with anobjective function which determines the social and economic welfare.A simple allocation strategy was executed and showed that reservoirs can make the trade-off betweenviolation of the environmental flow requirements and utilizing available water less pronounced byreducing inter annual variability in runoff. Despite losses due to evaporation their ability to be able tostore the peak flows can make them raise the cap while lowering the violation of the environmentalflow requirements." @default.
- W3107041908 created "2020-12-07" @default.
- W3107041908 creator A5003079491 @default.
- W3107041908 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W3107041908 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3107041908 title "Blue water footprint caps for the OrangeRiver basin" @default.
- W3107041908 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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