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• W310955682 abstract "This research was designed to extend the work of previous studies examining the fear of success and fear of appearing incompetent, particularly in relationship to how they are affected by attitudes toward women. The focus of this study was on African Americans. The sample was composed of 50 female and 42 male African Americans senior students. These individuals completed the Fear of Success Scale, the Fear of Appearing Incompetent Scale, and the Attitude Toward Women Scale. Significant differences were found between males and females on the Attitude Toward Women Scale as well at the Fear of Success and Fear of Appearing Incompetent Scales. When women with high Attitude Toward Women scores were compared with all men, there were moderate differences for Fear of Success and significant differences for Fear of Appearing Incompetent. Introduction One of the major functions of organizational management is to effectively adapt an organization to the effects of changing environmental factors impinging on the organization's human resources practices. One such factor that has received a great deal of attention in the Management literature is the rapidly changing composition or diversity of the United States workforce. As evidence of such increasing diversity, The Bureau of Labor Statistics predicted that in the period from 1998 to 2008 there will be an increase of 15.3% in the number of women in the civilian labor force. With regard to ethnic workforce diversity, the number of White women is expected to increase by 12.6% while African American women are expected to increase by 21.1% (Fullerton, 1999). In fact, Fullerton's figures showed that the participation rate of African American women ranked the highest for sex and race not only for actual 1998 figures but also ranked the highest for projected 2008 figures. The Bureau of Labor Statistics also predicted that during this same period (1998 2008), occupations defined as executive, administrative and and specialty will increase by 16.4% and 27% respectively (Braddock, 1999). The Employment Policy Foundation predicted that by 2030 women will outnumber men in managerial and professional occupations by a ratio of 54% to 46%, a 10% increase from the year 2000. This was predicted to occur in spite of the fact that women will still make up less than half of the total workforce. One reason this will occur is that women are beginning to complete baccalaureate degrees at a higher rate than are men. For instance, according to The Chronicle of Higher Education (2002), the ratio of white women to white men enrolled in college in 1999 was 5:4; for African Americans, the ratio of women to men enrolled in college was 12. Many organizational analysts and researchers have recently pointed out the need for increasing workforce diversity. For example, Richard (2000) demonstrated that diversity does in fact add value and contributes to firm competitive advantage in the banking industry. Thomas and Ely (1996) declared that the 'access and legitimacy' paradigm started to take hold in many businesses during the 1990s. Since the United States continues to become increasingly multicultural, business enterprises will require a demographically more diverse workforce. Buford (1999) acknowledged that corporate America must change the face of its workforce to succeed in today's global economy. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the need for workforce diversity. The expanding availability of professional level jobs as well as the increasing graduation rates in higher education for African American women seem to bode well for such women. However, in spite of increased attention given to diversity issues in the United States, there is general agreement in the literature that job related discrimination based on sex and ethnicity still exists. African American women may face the effects of dual discrimination because they are African American and because they are female. …" @default.
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• W310955682 date "2006-03-01" @default.
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• W310955682 title "Fear of Success and Fear of Appearing Incompetent: A Study of African American Women Business Aspirants" @default.
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