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- W3110362437 abstract "Could COVID-19 infection be treated without any antivirals? The cholinergic pathway is long implicated in inflammation regulation. ACE2 is the first known receptor implicated in SARS-coV2 entry and probably upregulated in smoking patients classifying smoking behavior to be a risk factor of COVID-19 severity. SARS-coV2 as SARS-coV induces micro-hypoxia states leading to inflammation processes that aggravate to ARDS in lung and ACVD in brain. Less attention is based on nAchRs as it could be activated in the cholinergic pathway and be the source of many inflammation syndromes. α-7 nAchR macrophages are key ubiquitous innate immune messengers could also be initiators of preinflammation state as they co-express both ACE2 R on cell membrane and α-7 nAchR. The same mechanism is supposed to be applied to CNS and leading to indirect route and brain damages. Order of organs targeted and mechanisms involved by SARS-CoV2 are in actual debate. Lungs are first direct target of the virus but correlations between other targeted organs such as heart, kidney, intestine, liver, bone marrow and brain differ with patients. Focusing on dual lung induced neurologic disorders and plausible risk factors that leads to ARDS and ACVD, we propose a nicotinic approach leading to a possible source of MAS involved : key nexus HIF-1α. Also in COVID-19, many cases reported an hypoxemic debut in brain. HIF-1a is a proven connector in lung and contribute to angiogenesis and cell survival via VEGF pathway. Preventing cytokine storm probably involves HIF-1α synthesis via macrophage TLR4 possible upregulation. Nicotine and α-7 nAchR agonists could participate in reducing LPS-induced TNFa and cytokine release via macrophage TLR4 relay and lead to neuroprotection. As oxidized low-density lipoprotein can induce blood vessels inflammation and promote atherosclerosis. HIF-1α protein accumulation in human macrophages through a mechanism involving ROS production could explain cardiovascular risks factors observed in COVID-19. Thus, COVID-19 resolution is probably a 4 variables equation including first, the imbalance ACE2/ACE. Second, the imbalance TLR2/TLR4. Third, HIF-1a induced connector regulation. Fourth, α-7 nAchR finest regulation." @default.
- W3110362437 created "2020-12-07" @default.
- W3110362437 creator A5008758795 @default.
- W3110362437 creator A5010893239 @default.
- W3110362437 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W3110362437 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W3110362437 title "A-7 nAchR Macrophages and Nicotine Approach in Neuroprotection to COVID-19 4 Variables Equation?" @default.
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- W3110362437 doi "https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3674367" @default.
- W3110362437 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.