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- W3111524138 abstract "Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) has four kinds of major anthocyanin pigments: pelargonidin 3-O-malyl-glucoside; pelargonidin 3-O, 5-O-cyclic malyl-diglucoside; cyanidin 3-O-malyl-glucoside; and cyanidin 3-O, 5-O-cyclic malyl-diglucoside. Acylation of anthocyanins by malic acid and formation of cyclic anthocyanin structures by binding sugar moieties through an organic acid are specific to Dianthus species. Each carnation cultivar’s flowers contain a single major anthocyanin, which dictates the characteristic coloration—vermilion, pink, dark-red, or red–purple. The anthocyanins can be distinguished based on absorption spectra, or by Rf values, coloration, and fluorescence in thin-layer-chromatography analysis. The pigment responsible for deep yellow coloration of carnation flowers is chalcone 2′-O-glucoside. Flower images under blue light are used to discriminate between chalcone 2′-O-glucoside and yellow carotenoid. Two flavones—apigenin 6-C-, 8-C-diglucoside, and apigenin 6-C-glucoside-7-O-malyl-glucoside—have been identified in carnation flowers; the latter is a co-pigment to a new anthocyanin in a transgenic blue-purple carnation. Six flavonols—kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1–2)-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-(1–2)-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1–6)-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-(1–2)-[rhamnosyl-(1–6)]-glucoside and its malyl ester, and kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1–2)-[rhamnosyl-(1–6)]-glucoside—have been identified as responsible pigments for cream-white coloration. Images under ultraviolet light are used to estimate the flavonol levels in cream-white and white flowers. Representative coloration patterns of carnation cultivars are presented with microscopic images of the coloration borders." @default.
- W3111524138 created "2020-12-21" @default.
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- W3111524138 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W3111524138 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W3111524138 title "Flower Pigments Responsible for Cyanic, Yellow, and Cream-White Coloration in Carnation" @default.
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- W3111524138 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8261-5_6" @default.
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