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• W3114353669 abstract "Intercomparison programmes have the potential to improve the level of agreement between the results of measurements obtained on natural matrices by different methods and by various laboratories world-wide. They could also be able to help the participants trace the causes of departure of their data from the true values, if sufficient information is provided to the organiser. As the true values are unknown, they are usually replaced by consensus values derived from the data that have met a number of defined quality criteria. The previous evaluation process of intercomparison exercises did not allow the full benefits of exercise to be obtained. The reference values were set on the basis of 'the law of the majority' ('consensus' values) and were not traceable to internationally agreed primary units (SI units). Traceability of measurements can be achieved by providing a link between the data generated in participants' laboratories and a stipulated reference point through an unbroken chain of comparisons, enabling assessment of the quality of their measurements by quantifying the combined uncertainty of all the links in the chain. In radioactivity measurements, the shortest chain is achieved in {gamma}-spectrometry. It can be obtained by proper calibration of instruments, using standard sources certified by primary measurement laboratories and propagating the uncertainties throughout the whole measurement process. Matrix effects and coincidence losses must be given due attention as well. Traceability of results obtained by isotope dilution alpha- spectrometry requires, in addition, a quantitative budget of uncertainties associated with sample treatment up to the stage when isotope exchange is assured. The most difficult cases are methods based on beta counting because each stage of the numerous analytical operations can break the traceability chain and because beta-radiation has a continuous spectrum which is difficult to quantify. In this Intercomparison, an attempt was made to go beyond a purely statistical evaluation and give some thought to the quality of input data. As a result, the overall mean values for some radionuclides have changed markedly compared to the data obtained by the traditional approach followed in the Preliminary Evaluation Report IAEA/AL/100P. The main advantage of such a treatment lies in the considerable reduction of uncertainty range about the mean values. Whether or not these narrower confidence intervals will be challenged by new, more rigorous measurements remains to be seen. The participants can compare the more conservative estimates which are provided in the preliminary report, against the values reported here and judge for themselves the value of this approach. The Intercomparison revealed a number of methodological problems associated with radionuclide analysis. Some of them, like discrepant values for Ra-226 activity concentration due to improper sample preparation, interferences in alpha- and gamma- spectra and effects of incomplete sample decomposition, were already observed in earlier intercomparisons and have been addressed in the literature. This exercise has confirmed that these problems still exist and has also raised some interesting questions: Why do the analysts who employ HF for total sample dissolution fail to get results comparable with those obtained on fused samples? Why are results obtained by neutron activation analysis so scattered? Why do all results obtained by Fluorimetry fall beyond the range of accepted results? Why are there so many poor quality data for Pb-210 and Po-210 and for Sr-90 at the lower activity level (IAEA-327)? If the quality of environmental data for these radionuclides is to improve much remains to be done to improve the methodology of radiochemical operations and measurements. Unless reliable reference materials with narrow uncertainty ranges about their reference values are available, such problems have little chance to be solved and still others may remain hidden." @default.
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• W3114353669 date "2001-04-01" @default.
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• W3114353669 title "Report on the intercomparison run for the determination of radionuclides in soils. IAEA-326 and IAEA-327" @default.
• W3114353669 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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