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- W3116253566 abstract "Nitrogen (N) is essential to produce high yielding corn (Zea mays L.), but excess fertilization before rapid corn N uptake may result in N loss from the soil-corn system that reduces fertilizer N use efficiency, causes an economic loss for producers, and negatively impacts the environment. Urea fertilizer applications at planting are common, but recent years of wet springs in the U.S. upper Midwest has fostered a greater interest in split-applications that may avoid early spring N loss and improve fertilizer N supply to the crop. Fertilizer N rate, application timing, soil physical and chemical properties, and weather patterns can modify fertilizer-derived N distribution (FDN) in the soil profile, uptake by the crop, and potential for N loss in the year of application and subsequent years. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of fertilizer N rate and application timing on 1) FDN distribution and form in the soil, 2) FDN and soil-derived N (SDN) uptake and partitioning by the corn crop, and 3) fertilizer recovery and reuse in the soil-corn system over two consecutive growing seasons. Three studies were initiated in both 2014 (Becker14, Clara City14, Waseca14) and 2015 (Becker15, Lamberton15, Waseca15) in Minnesota, at sites that represented agronomically important soils. Urea fertilizer (46% N) was applied at planting at 45 kg N ha-1 increments from 0 to 270 or 315 kg N ha-1. An additional treatment was split-applied as 45 kg N ha-1 at planting and 90 kg N ha-1 when the corn had four fully developed leaves (V4). Labeled 15N urea (5 atom %) fertilizer was applied to microplots in the 45, 135, and 225 kg N ha-1 treatments, as well as the 45/90 kg N ha-1 split-application treatment. Soil samples were collected in the first growing season within eight days of 15N urea fertilizer application (PA), when the corn had eight fully developed leaves (V8), at tasseling (R1), and post-harvest (PHY1). In the second growing season, soil samples were collected at pre-plant (PPY2) and post-harvest (PHY2). Aboveground plant samples were collected at V8, R1, and physiological maturity (R6) in the first growing season, and R6 in the second growing season. At PA, 63 to 112% of FDN was recovered from the top 60 cm of the soil profile across all sites, except Becker14 and Clara City14 where 55 and 43% of the applied FDN were recovered by corn averaged across all treatments, respectively. Low recovery of FDN at Becker14 was likely due to N leaching through the loamy sand soil profile following greater-than-normal April through June precipitation. At Clara City14, low recovery of FDN was due to NH3 volatilization from inadequate incorporation of urea into the soil profile. Of the total FDN in the soil at PA, 72 to 90% was in the soil organic N fraction and temporarily protected from loss. The majority of soil FDN was in the top 15 cm of the soil profile, but FDN was observed in all soil sampling depths indicating that leaching of NO3- and soluble organic FDN is rapid irrespective of the soil texture. The soil…" @default.
- W3116253566 created "2021-01-05" @default.
- W3116253566 creator A5007719163 @default.
- W3116253566 date "2020-09-01" @default.
- W3116253566 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3116253566 title "Fate Of Pre-Plant And Split-Applied 15Nitrogen Enriched Urea In Corn" @default.
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