FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W311658971> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W311658971 startingPage "807" @default.
• W311658971 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(1) states that the people of the United Nations recognize the inherent dignity and ... the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family.(2) Few practices more clearly contravene the recognition of human dignity than torture. While the practice of torture is condemned by numerous international and domestic laws,(3) persists in over one-third of the world's governments.(4) On December 10, 1984, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Convention).(5) The Convention recognizes that torture is currently outlawed by international law and seeks to strengthen the existing prohibition against torture and related treatment.(6) The Convention focuses on persons acting in an official capacity and persons who act at the instigation, or with the consent or acquiescence, of such persons.(7) The Convention, however, does not apply to torture and other ill-treatment inflicted by non-governmental entities acting independently of a State.(8) The United States under President Ronald Reagan signed the Convention on April 18, 1988, and sent it to the Senate with several proposed conditions.(9) In January 1990, President George Bush proposed a revised list of conditions to the Senate,(10) and in late October 1990 the Senate adopted a resolution of advice and consent to ratify the Convention with the proposed Bush conditions.(11) This Note traces the development of the Convention and discusses its central provisions. This historical overview will give the reader a perspective on the social and political context from which the Convention developed. The Note then explores the U.S. Government's stance on the Convention's substantive provisions and analyzes the impact of the U.S. position on the operation of the Convention. In particular, the Note compares and contrasts the Bush administration's package of reservations, understandings, and declarations to the recommendations proposed by the Reagan administration. Third, this Note examines the effectiveness of the Convention and its possible application to several contemporary situations. Finally, this Note recommends changes to the Convention's provisions. II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT (CONVENTION) As a result of the exposure of the atrocities committed by Nazi Germany and other totalitarian regimes of the 1930s, an increased concern for human rights protection immediately followed the Second World War.(12) In 1945, this concern culminated in the creation of the United Nations.(13) Various U.N. activities in the field of human rights would later serve as models for the Convention. A. INTERNATIONAL BILL OF RIGHTS The United Nations Charter authorized the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) to create a commission for the promotion of human rights.(14) In 1946, the ECOSOC established the Commission on Human Rights (CHR),(15) which was charged with preparing an international bill of rights.(16) The CHR divided the creation of the bill into a three-step process: first, it would describe the rights that would be protected; second, it would insert those rights into legal obligations of U.N. member states; and third, it would construct an international system that would ensure the implementation of members' obligations to observe these rights.(17) The CHR completed the first stage of this process in December 1948 with the establishment of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Universal Declaration).(18) The Universal Declaration seeks to protect individual liberties as well as economic, social, and cultural rights.(19) Since its adoption, the Universal Declaration has served as the basis for all subsequent U.N. activities in the field of human rights. …" @default.
• W311658971 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W311658971 creator A5070713479 @default.
• W311658971 date "1992-01-01" @default.
• W311658971 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W311658971 title "The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: The Bush Administration's Stance on Torture" @default.
• W311658971 hasPublicationYear "1992" @default.
• W311658971 type Work @default.
• W311658971 sameAs 311658971 @default.
• W311658971 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W311658971 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W311658971 hasAuthorship W311658971A5070713479 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C169437150 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C2778745096 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C2779010840 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C2780608745 @default.
• W311658971 hasConcept C544040105 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C169437150 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C17744445 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C199539241 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C2778745096 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C2779010840 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C2780608745 @default.
• W311658971 hasConceptScore W311658971C544040105 @default.
• W311658971 hasIssue "3" @default.
• W311658971 hasLocation W3116589711 @default.
• W311658971 hasOpenAccess W311658971 @default.
• W311658971 hasPrimaryLocation W3116589711 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W1544551154 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W1546793844 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W1592421468 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2071321876 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2120024685 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2255857042 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2273249197 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2306823176 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2335913834 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2484984839 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W2809723301 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W3080197417 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W3145672438 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W3151803992 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W611209615 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W641721939 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W861467157 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W87717759 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W1493016167 @default.
• W311658971 hasRelatedWork W293024132 @default.
• W311658971 hasVolume "25" @default.
• W311658971 isParatext "false" @default.
• W311658971 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W311658971 magId "311658971" @default.
• W311658971 workType "article" @default.