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- W3117474880 abstract "Abstract Objective Crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic are known to exacerbate depression and anxiety, though their temporal trajectories remain unclear. The present study aims to investigate fluctuations in depression and anxiety using COVID-19 as a model crisis. Methods 1,512 adults living in the U.S. enrolled in this online study on April 2 nd , 2020 and were assessed weekly for 10 weeks (until June 4 th , 2020; final n=537). Depression and anxiety were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression scale and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (state subscale), respectively, along with demographic and COVID-related questions. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to examine factors contributing to longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety. Results Depression and anxiety levels were high in early April, but declined over time ( F (9,4824)=17.53, p <.001 and F (9,4824)=23.35, p <.001, respectively). In addition to demographic factors such as sex, age, income, and psychiatric diagnoses, we identified some overlapping and some distinct dynamic factors contributing to changes in depression and anxiety: worsening of weekly individual economic impact of COVID-19 increased both depression and anxiety, while increased seven-day change in COVID-19 cases, social media use, and projected pandemic duration were positively associated with anxiety, but not depression. Conclusions Alongside evidence for overall emotional adaptation, these findings highlight overlapping (economic), yet distinct (change in COVID-19 cases, social media use, and projected COVID-19 duration) factors contributing to fluctuations in depression and anxiety throughout the first wave of COVID-19. These results provide insight into socioeconomic policies and behavioral changes that can increase emotional adaptation in times of crisis." @default.
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- W3117474880 date "2020-12-24" @default.
- W3117474880 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3117474880 title "Emotional Adaptation During A Crisis: Decline in Anxiety and Depression After the Initial Weeks of COVID-19 in the United States" @default.
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- W3117474880 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.23.20248773" @default.
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