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• W3118372279 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 6First Report of Bipolaris oryzae Causing Leaf Spot on Cultivated Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon) in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Bipolaris oryzae Causing Leaf Spot on Cultivated Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon) in ChinaY. L. Liu, J. R. Tang, Y. Li, and H. K. ZhouY. L. Liu†Corresponding author: Y. L. Liu; E-mail Address: mushwoman@126.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4145-9278Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, J. R. TangGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Y. LiGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and H. K. ZhouGuangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Y. L. Liu † J. R. Tang Y. Li H. K. Zhou Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China Published Online:23 Apr 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2529-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFPDF PlusSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View articleWild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has been widely studied and cultivated in China in recent years due to its antioxidant activities and health-promoting effects. In December 2018, leaf spot disease on wild rice (O. rufipogon cv. Haihong-12) was observed in Zhanjiang (20.93 N, 109.79 E), China. The early symptom was small purple-brown lesions on the leaves. Then, the once-localized lesions coalesced into a larger lesion with a tan to brown necrotic center surrounded by a chlorotic halo. The diseased leaves eventually died. Disease incidence was higher than 30%. Twenty diseased leaves were collected from the fields. The margin of diseased tissues was cut into 2 × 2-mm2 pieces, surface disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 60 s, and then rinsed three times with sterile water before isolation. The tissues were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28°C in the dark for 4 days. Pure cultures were produced by transferring hyphal tips to new PDA plates. Fifteen isolates were obtained. Two isolates (OrL-1 and OrL-2) were subjected to further morphological and molecular studies. The colonies of the isolates on PDA were initially light gray but became dark gray with age. Conidiophores were single, straight to flexuous, multiseptate, and brown. Conidia were oblong, slightly curved, light brown with four to nine septa, and measured 35.2 to 120.3 × 10.3 to 22.5 µm (n = 30). The morphological characteristics of OrL-1 and OrL-2 were consistent with the description on Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoemaker (Manamgoda et al. 2014). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and translation elongation factor (EF-1α) were amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4, gpp1/gdp2 (Berbee et al. 1999), and EF-1/EF-2 (O’Donnell et al. 1998), respectively. Amplicons of OrL-1 and OrL-2 were sequenced and submitted to GenBank (accession nos. MN880261 and MN880262, MT027091 and MT027092, and MT027093 and MT027094). The sequences of the two isolates were 99.83 to 100% identical to that of B. oryzae (accession nos. MF490854, MF490831, and MF490810) in accordance with BLAST analysis. A phylogenetic tree was generated on the basis of concatenated data from the sequences of ITS, GAPDH, and EF-1α via the maximum likelihood method, which clustered OrL-1 and OrL-2 with B. oryzae. The two isolates were determined as B. oryzae by combining morphological and molecular characteristics. A pathogenicity test was performed on OrL-1 in a greenhouse at 24 to 30°C with 80% relative humidity. Rice (cv. Haihong-12) with three leaves was grown in 10 pots, with approximately 50 plants per pot. Five pots were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension (105 spores/ml) onto leaves until runoff occurred, and five pots were sprayed with sterile water and used as controls. The test was conducted three times. Disease symptoms were observed on leaves after 10 days, but the controls remained healthy. The morphological characteristics and ITS sequences of the fungal isolates reisolated from the diseased leaves were identical to those of B. oryzae. B. oryzae has been confirmed to cause leaf spot on Oryza sativa (Barnwal et al. 2013) but as an endophyte has been reported in O. rufipogon (Wang et al. 2015). Thus, this study is the first report of B. oryzae causing leaf spot in O. rufipogon in China. This disease has become a risk for cultivated wild rice with the expansion of cultivation areas. Thus, vigilance is required.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Barnwal, M. K., et al. 2013. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 136:443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-013-0195-6 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarBerbee, M. L., et al. 1999. Mycologia 91:964. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061106 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarManamgoda, D. S., et al. 2014. Stud. Mycol. 79:221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.10.002 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarO’Donnell, K., et al. 1998. Fungal Genet. Biol. 23:57. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.0376 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWang, Y., et al. 2015. Fungal Biol-UK. 119:1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.07.009 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Guangdong Province Key Areas R & D Program (2020B020219004) and Natural Fund Project of Guangdong Province (2016A0313746).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 6 June 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionDetail of cassava mosaic disease symptoms as observed in the field (K. Chittarath et al.). Photo credit: K. Chittarath. Bird’s-eye lesion symptoms on tomato fruit cv. Ailsa Craig (F. C. Peritore-Galve et al.). Photo credit: F. C. Peritore-Galve. Metrics Downloaded 370 times Article History Issue Date: 19 Oct 2021Published: 23 Apr 2021First Look: 12 Jan 2021Accepted: 9 Jan 2021 Page: 1857 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingGuangdong Province Key Areas R & D ProgramGrant/Award Number: 2020B020219004Natural Fund Project of Guangdong ProvinceGrant/Award Number: 2016A0313746KeywordsOryza rufipogonBipolaris oryzaewild riceThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest." @default.
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• W3118372279 title "First Report of <i>Bipolaris oryzae</i> Causing Leaf Spot on Cultivated Wild Rice (<i>Oryza rufipogon</i>) in China" @default.
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