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- W3118681189 abstract "Abstract Undefined starter cultures are poorly characterized bacterial communities from environmental origin used in cheese making. They are phenotypically stable and have evolved through domestication by repeated propagation in closed and highly controlled environments over centuries. This makes them interesting for understanding eco-evolutionary dynamics governing microbial communities. While cheese starter cultures are known to be dominated by a few bacterial species, little is known about the composition, functional relevance, and temporal dynamics of strain-level diversity. Here, we applied shotgun metagenomics to an important Swiss cheese starter culture and analyzed historical and experimental samples reflecting 82 years of starter culture propagation. We found that the bacterial community is highly stable and dominated by only a few coexisting strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis . Genome sequencing, metabolomics analysis, and co-culturing experiments of 43 isolates show that these strains are functionally redundant, but differ tremendously in their phage resistance potential. Moreover, we identified two highly abundant Streptococcus phages that seem to stably coexist in the community without any negative impact on bacterial growth or strain persistence, and despite the presence of a large and diverse repertoire of matching CRISPR spacers. Our findings show that functionally equivalent strains can coexist in domesticated microbial communities and highlight an important role of bacteria-phage interactions that are different from kill-the-winner dynamics." @default.
- W3118681189 created "2021-01-18" @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5020172304 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5024737647 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5033411393 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5039574853 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5049135535 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5051182008 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5071608663 @default.
- W3118681189 creator A5091192130 @default.
- W3118681189 date "2021-01-14" @default.
- W3118681189 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3118681189 title "Functional strain redundancy and persistent phage infection in Swiss hard cheese starter cultures" @default.
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