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• W3118712336 abstract "Abstract Large amounts of phosphorus (P) are present in activated sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants, where it exists in the form of metal salt precipitates or biologically bound into the biomass as nucleic acids, cell membrane components, and the extracellular polymeric substances or, in special polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), as intracellular polyphosphate. Only recently, methods that reliably allow an absolute quantification of the different P-fractions, such as sequential extraction, Raman microspectroscopy, solid-state 31 P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, and solution state 31 P NMR have been developed. This study combines these techniques to obtain a comprehensive P mass-balance of activated sludge from four wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR). The total content of P and various cations was measured by chemical analysis (ICP-OES), and different P fractions were extracted for chemical characterization. Chemically bound P constituted 38-69% of total P, most likely in the form of Fe, Mg, or Al minerals, while organically bound P constituted 7-9%. By using Raman microspectroscopy and solution state 31 P NMR and 31 P MAS NMR spectroscopy before and after anaerobic P-release experiments, poly-P was quantified and constituted 22-54% of total P in the activated sludges and was found in approx. 25% of all bacterial cells. Moreover, Raman microspectroscopy in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to quantify the species-specific intracellular poly-P of known PAO genera ( Tetrasphaera , Ca. Accumulibacter, Dechloromonas ) and other microorganisms known to possess high level of poly-P, such as the filamentous Ca. Microthrix. They were all abundant, as measured by quantitative-FISH and amplicon sequencing, and accumulated large amount of poly-P, depending on their cell-size, contributing substantially to the P-removal. Interestingly, in all four EBPR plants investigated, only 1-13% of total poly-P was stored by unidentified PAO, highlighting that most PAOs in the full-scale EBPR plants investigated are now known. Highlights Exhaustive P mass-balance of main organic and inorganic P-species in four EBPR plants Quantification of poly-P of FISH-defined PAO and other species with high P content Total P content was 36-50 mgP/gSS of which 31-62% was in biomass and as poly-P A high fraction of all cells (25-30%) contained a high content of poly-P Known PAOs contained almost all poly-P in the EBPR plants investigated" @default.
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• W3118712336 date "2021-01-04" @default.
• W3118712336 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3118712336 title "Quantification of biologically and chemically bound phosphorus in activated sludge from full-scale plants with biological P-removal" @default.
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• W3118712336 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.04.425262" @default.
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