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• W3120236540 abstract "The study of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism provides a promising avenue through which ecologists and evolutionary biologists can explore mechanistic sources of variation in metabolic and life-history phenotypes, with important consequences for organismal performance and fitness. Mitochondria vary not only in rate of respiration, but also in ATP production efficiency through OXPHOS, rate of ROS production, and amount of heat generated; the interplay among these factors underlies mechanistic trade-offs and constraints that can have cascading effects up to the level of organismal performance. Growing interest in mitochondrial biology within ecology and evolutionary biology, has enriched understanding of how metabolic rate, energy availability, and the byproducts of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, may interact to shape different life-history strategies and how organisms adapt to their environment. Biologists have long appreciated the critical role that energy turnover plays in understanding variation in performance and fitness among individuals. Whole-organism metabolic studies have provided key insights into fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, constraints operating at subcellular levels, such as those operating within the mitochondria, can also play important roles in optimizing metabolism over different energetic demands and time scales. Herein, we explore how mitochondrial aerobic metabolism influences different aspects of organismal performance, such as through changing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We consider how such insights have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning key ecological and evolutionary processes, from variation in life-history traits to adaptation to changing thermal conditions, and we highlight key areas for future research. Biologists have long appreciated the critical role that energy turnover plays in understanding variation in performance and fitness among individuals. Whole-organism metabolic studies have provided key insights into fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, constraints operating at subcellular levels, such as those operating within the mitochondria, can also play important roles in optimizing metabolism over different energetic demands and time scales. Herein, we explore how mitochondrial aerobic metabolism influences different aspects of organismal performance, such as through changing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We consider how such insights have advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning key ecological and evolutionary processes, from variation in life-history traits to adaptation to changing thermal conditions, and we highlight key areas for future research. a series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons via oxidation/reduction reactions. These reactions are coupled to the pumping of protons out of the mitochondrial matrix to create a protonmotive force. oxygen used to offset proton leak. Also called state 4 respiration rate. the metabolic (anabolic and catabolic) reactions that occur within the mitochondria, that involve direct and indirect use of oxygen. This comprises activity of the electron transport chain, protonmotive force, ATP production, and ROS generation. efficiency of mitochondria to convert food-derived energy substrate into ATP. Efficiency is often estimated in vitro with P:O ratios and respiratory control ratios (RCR). functional associations between the products of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes that can affect mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. phosphorylation of ADP into ATP in the presence of oxygen. Conversion of ADP to ATP is performed by ATP synthase, and uses the energy provided by the protonmotive force. imbalance between the production of pro-oxidants (such as ROS) and the ability of a biological system to neutralize them through antioxidant defenses, leading to oxidative damage to biomolecules. oxygen used when mitochondria are actively producing ATP. Also called state 3 respiration rate. protons that flow back across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix outside of ATP synthase. Proton leak may be passive, particularly when membrane potential is high, or inducible (and regulated through transmembrane proteins). the potential energy stored across the inner mitochondrial membrane, that is established by pumping protons from the mitochondrial membrane to the intermembrane space; the protonmotive force involves both the chemical gradient formed by the difference in proton concentration, and the electrical gradient formed by the difference in charge. derivatives of oxygen that are chemically unstable and quickly react with different kinds of biomolecules; ROS are important cellular signals but can also cause altered function through oxidative damage. the dissociation of mitochondrial protonmotive force generation (i.e., the ‘uncoupling’ of electron transport chain activity) from ATP synthesis." @default.
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• W3120236540 date "2021-04-01" @default.
• W3120236540 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W3120236540 title "Integrating Mitochondrial Aerobic Metabolism into Ecology and Evolution" @default.
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