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- W3120329358 abstract "In terms of both scale and impact, population ageing has far-reaching implications for our planet, not least as a major driver of population growth and consequent ever-increasing human demands on natural resources and ecosystems. Worldwide in 2018, for the first time in history, people aged 65 years and older outnumbered children younger than 5 years,1United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population DivisionWorld population prospects 2019: highlights.https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_Highlights.pdfDate: 2019Date accessed: December 15, 2020Google Scholar with two-thirds of the world's older population now living in low-income and middle-income countries. Increases in life expectancy and subsequent population growth will fundamentally affect sustainable development efforts to eradicate poverty, achieve food security, ensure sustainable water supplies, build inclusive and resilient communities, and ensure sustainable consumption. Yet to fully understand the impact of population ageing and action approaches that achieve global sustainability, we need to critically examine their intersection. Older people will be both directly and indirectly disproportionately affected by disturbances in climate and ecosystems. Directly, from extreme weather events such as flooding, heat waves, and severe storms; and indirectly, via altered vector-borne disease transmission and an inability to produce nutritious food due to drought, soil degradation, and compromised water safety. The insecurity these threats create will result in further destruction of environments and communities, catalysing poverty, local and global migration, and displacement or isolation of those without the ability, resources, or will to move. For example, resource limitations will affect already compromised intergenerational relationships in rural settings by waves of out migration of younger members of the community to urban environments. The interface between ageing and sustainability is more complex still. Older people are disproportionately affected by poor health in a range of contexts, with inequalities within this group linked to decreased life expectancy and increased morbidity and disability during life. Not only does poorer health drive the consumption of health-care resources, whether appropriate or not, but it also affects efforts to address poverty, which is experienced differently by older people relative to other age groups. The overarching connections between global ageing and sustainability are clear and ensuing challenges crucial to address, but our responses to date have not been meaningful and are largely disconnected. These two agendas can no longer remain separate. The WHO World Report on Ageing and Health2WHOWorld report on ageing and health.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/world-report-on-ageing-and-healthDate: Sept 29, 2015Date accessed: October 23, 2020Google Scholar attributed the insufficient progress in global healthy ageing to a lack of consideration of the health and wellbeing of older people in the context of other global public health agendas, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).3UN General AssemblyTransforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. UN Publishing, New York2015Google Scholar Although the link to the SDGs is fundamental, no explicit alignments between the health of older people, the effects of climate change, and environmental sustainability are made in the WHO report.2WHOWorld report on ageing and health.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/world-report-on-ageing-and-healthDate: Sept 29, 2015Date accessed: October 23, 2020Google Scholar These alignments are similarly absent in the current WHO Global Strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health.4World Health AssemblyThe global strategy and action plan on ageing and health 2016–2020: towards a world in which everyone can live a long and healthy life.https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/252783Date: 2016Date accessed: October 23, 2020Google Scholar Beard and colleagues5Beard JR Araujo de Carvalho I Sumi Y Officer A Thiyagarajan JA Healthy ageing: moving forward.Bull World Health Organ. 2017; 95 (30A): 730Crossref Scopus (10) Google Scholar highlight SDG 3—to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages—as the main intersect between older people and sustainability; yet global ageing will determine sustainable development across the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Initiatives that offer opportunities for synergistic action and mutual benefit, such as the WHO Global Network for Age-friendly Cities and Communities, present a range of approaches. The Network aims to embed “concrete actions to make communities better places to grow old” across global communities. These actions include accessible transport, quality housing, well designed outdoor spaces and buildings, and social inclusion and participation to promote ageing in place. Yet advocates are asserting the need for healthy ageing to go beyond current parameters and take in climate change, pollution, and environmental change. This more integrated approach is a tangible opportunity that aligns well with current sustainability initiatives to design and build sustainable cities of the future. For example, synergistic action on promoting universally accessible public transportation and active travel increases physical activity, which can reduce morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases, increase social capital, and reduce air pollution.6Panter J Mytton O Sharp S et al.Using alternatives to the car and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.Heart. 2018; 104: 1749-1755Crossref PubMed Scopus (20) Google Scholar, 7Webb E Laverty A Mindell J Millett C Free bus travel and physical activity, gait speed, and adiposity in the English longitudinal study of ageing.Am J Public Health. 2016; 106: 136-142Crossref Scopus (24) Google Scholar, 8de Nazelle A Nieuwenhuijsen MJ Antó JM et al.Improving health through policies that promote active travel: a review of evidence to support integrated health impact assessment.Environ Int. 2011; 37: 766-777Crossref PubMed Scopus (357) Google Scholar In parallel, healthy diets sourced from sustainable food production could promote both planetary and human health and contribute meaningfully towards ageing well.9Willett W Rockström J Loken B et al.Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems.Lancet. 2019; 393: 447-492Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2102) Google Scholar Similar alignments could include sustainable and socially connected homes and communities and efficient energy use. Brought together, agendas on healthy ageing and sustainable development would have more power to promote healthy ageing, social change, and resilience across generations, and more potential to benefit both human and planetary health. By employing novel evaluation methods, such as social return on investment, widened concepts of value that incorporate environmental degradation, inequality, and wellbeing in addition to monetary value can be used to asses these integrated initiatives.10Social Value UKA guide to social return on investment.http://www.socialvalueuk.org/resources/sroi-guide/Date: 2012Date accessed: October 23, 2020Google Scholar Given the large and expanding proportion of the global population living longer than 65 years, a focus on sustainable healthy ageing is fundamental to a healthy planet. The recently declared 2021–30 Decade of Healthy Ageing by the UN General Assembly provides an ideal platform for action. By emphasising the link between sustainability and ageing, stakeholders across multiple disciplines can work to reinforce and secure an approach that meets basic human needs while protecting our natural environment. This approach is a necessary paradigm shift but cannot be done in isolation; it will depend on ingenuity and consistent commitment from all to achieve a shared vision of the kind of planet we all want to age well and thrive on. We declare no competing interests." @default.
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- W3120329358 title "Healthy ageing for a healthy planet: do sustainable solutions exist?" @default.
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