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- W3121277085 abstract "Abstract Humans are sexually dimorphic: on average men significantly differ from women in body build and composition, craniofacial structure, and voice pitch, likely mediated in part by developmental testosterone exposure. Hypotheses which attempt to explain the evolution of dimorphism in humans assume that more masculine men have historically achieved greater biological fitness. This may be because: more masculine men out-compete other men for mates; women preferentially select masculine men (e.g. due to their greater competitiveness and/or heritable immunocompetence); masculine men expend more energy on mating effort; and/or masculine men father more viable offspring. Thus far, however, evidence for an association between masculinity and mating/reproductive outcomes is unclear. We conducted the most comprehensive meta-analysis to date on the relationship between six types of masculine traits and mating/reproductive outcomes, comprising 474 effect sizes from 96 studies (total N = 177,044). Body masculinity, i.e. strength/muscularity, was the strongest and only consistent predictor of both mating and reproduction. Voice pitch, height, digit ratios, and testosterone levels all predicted mating; height and digit ratios also predicted some reproductive measures in some samples. Facial masculinity did not significantly predict either mating or reproduction. There was insufficient evidence for any effects on offspring mortality. Our findings support arguments that strength/muscularity can be considered sexually selected in humans, but raise concerns over other forms of masculinity. We are also constrained by lack of reproductive data, particularly from naturally fertile populations. Our data thus highlight the need to increase tests of evolutionary hypotheses outside of industrialized populations." @default.
- W3121277085 created "2021-02-01" @default.
- W3121277085 creator A5014695494 @default.
- W3121277085 creator A5068590262 @default.
- W3121277085 creator A5069904008 @default.
- W3121277085 date "2020-07-15" @default.
- W3121277085 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3121277085 title "Does masculinity really matter? A meta-analysis of the relationships between sexually dimorphic traits in men and mating/reproduction" @default.
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